从对立到互动：西方自由主义语境中的“国家—社会”关系研究

发布时间：2019-05-14 14:50

【摘要】：自由民之所向,尤其是在市场经济飞速发展的今天。我国正处在改革的攻坚期和发展的深水区,市场经济“在资源配置中起决定作用”社会正在经历巨大变革,新的社会秩序应然而生,国家的地位是否会被改写?社会的和谐发展取决于国家与社会两个维度,取决于国家与社会关系的存在合理性以及合法性,取决于国家与社会各自的效能。自由主义见证着国家与社会发展的历史变化,因此以自由主义为视角反观国家与社会关系可以为现代化互动式国家与社会关系提供基本历史论证以及理论支撑。本文对在自由主义理论中国家与社会关系的发展变化进行逻辑梳理。从古罗马的私法对私人财产的承认与保护,泛希腊化时期伊壁鸠鲁等学派对个人心灵的关怀,到中世纪“两把剑”理论和政教二元格局顺延出古典自由主义时期国家与社会的二元分离,并通过人性论、自然法、社会契约论等逻辑前提分析古典自由主义时期二分的国家与社会关系以及其发展趋势以及政治实践;资本主义席卷全球市场经济飞速扩张,古典自由主义走向落寞,新自由主义取得接力棒。资本主义市场代表私域与国家对立,为消极国家转向积极国家奠定了社会基础;经济危机胁迫新自由主义返璞归宗,理论回归古典自由主义并超越了古典自由主义,市场存在不容置疑,但其被划出社会领域,国家——市场——社会的三分格局逐步清晰。无论是二元分离还是三分格局自由主义始终是维护资本主义的利益的基础上面对现实对自我的调适。本文通过对自由主义的语境下国家与社会所呈现出的关系分析其国家与社会关系从对立到互动的演化轨迹和从“二分”到“三分”的历史演进和逻辑推论,试图以自由主义为理论视角梳理国家与社会关系变化的发展脉络及其发展逻辑,并最终面对时代发展的新形势,探寻理性的国家与社会互动关系,考量传统的国家和社会关系的现代转型,探寻符合社会现代化要求的新型的国家和社会关系结构。
[Abstract]:The direction of the free people, especially in the rapid development of the market economy today. Our country is in the period of reform and the deep water area of development. The market economy "plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources" society is undergoing great changes, a new social order should be born, will the status of the country be rewritten? The harmonious development of society depends on the two dimensions of state and society, on the rationality and legitimacy of the existence and legitimacy of state and social relations, and on the effectiveness of the state and society. Liberalism bears witness to the historical changes in the development of state and society. Therefore, from the perspective of liberalism, the relationship between state and society can provide basic historical argumentation and theoretical support for modern interactive state and social relations. This paper logically combs the development and change of state and social relations in liberalism theory. From the recognition and protection of private property in ancient Roman private law, the concern of Epicurus and other schools of thought for the individual during the pan-Greek period. By the Middle Ages, the theory of "two swords" and the dualistic pattern of politics and religion extended the binary separation of state and society in the period of classical liberalism, and adopted the theory of human nature and natural law. The logical premise, such as social contract theory, analyzes the dichotomous state and social relations in the period of classical liberalism, as well as its development trend and political practice. Capitalism swept through the rapid expansion of the global market economy, classical liberalism towards desolation, neoliberalism achieved baton. The capitalist market represents the opposition between the private domain and the state, which lays the social foundation for the negative country to turn to the positive state. The economic crisis coerces neoliberalism to return to nature, the theory returns to classical liberalism and surpasses classical liberalism, the existence of the market is indisputable, but it is classified as the social field, and the three-part pattern of the state, the market and the society is gradually clear. Whether it is dual separation or triplet liberalism, it is always the adjustment of self to reality on the basis of safeguarding the interests of capitalism. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the state and the society in the context of liberalism, this paper analyzes the evolution track of the social relations between the state and the society from opposition to interaction, and the historical evolution and logical inference from the "dichotomous" to the "three points". This paper attempts to sort out the development and logic of the change of state and social relations from the perspective of liberalism, and finally to explore the rational interaction between state and society in the face of the new situation of the development of the times. Considering the modern transformation of traditional state and social relations, this paper explores a new structure of state and social relations that meets the requirements of social modernization.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D032;D033.3

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