日本“女子奉公人”的历史变迁研究

发布时间：2018-02-04 00:33

本文关键词： 女子奉公人女中家政妇家政士　出处：《外交学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“女性奉公人”这一说法在现在的日本社会中已经消失。但是女子奉公人的影子并没有消失于日本社会。女子奉公人的发展经历了四个阶段,分别是女子奉公、女中、家政妇、家政士。母系社会以后,随着女子地位的低下,女子奉公人登上了历史的舞台。最初女子奉公人和男子奉公人的模式一样,被完全支配,几乎没有人生自由。之后进入明治社会的女中发展阶段,劳动环境得到了改善,雇佣主也专门为女中设置了“女中房间”,并且通过契约的形式以确定雇佣关系。但是还是存在一些问题,比如劳动时间仍然很长,超过12个小时,一年时间几乎全部在主人的家里,没有现代意义上休假的概念。第二次世界大战以后,“女子奉公人”继续演变,发展成了一种新兴产业,化身为家政妇。这个时期,其劳动时间变得更加灵活,根据家政妇的个人要求,可以选择长时间劳动、短时间劳动,上夜班以及上白班。最后2016年在安倍政府领导下,发展成了家政士,不管男女在这个领域中都被认可,而且还设置了家政士考试。女子奉公、女中、家政妇、家政士,无论哪个称呼都可以统称为家事劳动者,它虽然默默无闻,但又不可或缺,经历漫长的历史考验,直到现在在日本社会中依然发挥着重要的作用,这其中肯定有一种值得探讨的生命力。所以本论文以家事劳动者的历史变迁为中心,根据其历史发展的脉络,将其分为女性奉公、女中、家政妇、家政士四个章节,然后针对变迁过程中劳动内容变化、变化原因以及变化后的特点做一个详细的探讨。最后重点着眼于安倍政府2016年将其改名为家政士的话题,通过历史和现实相结合,探寻家事劳动者的历史意义、现实意义及其变化的灵活性。
[Abstract]:The term "female official" has disappeared in the present Japanese society, but the shadow of the female devotee has not disappeared in the Japanese society. The development of the female devotee has gone through four stages, namely, the female worship. After the matrilineal society, with the low status of the woman, the female official stepped onto the stage of history. At first, the model of the female and the male was completely dominated. There was little freedom in life. After entering the stage of female development in Meiji society, the working environment was improved, and the employer also set up a "middle female room" for the female middle school. But there are still some problems, such as long working hours, more than 12 hours, almost all of them in the owner's house. There is no modern concept of leave. After the second World War, the "female servants" continued to evolve into a new industry, incarnated as domestic wives. During this period, their working hours became more flexible. According to the personal requirements of housewives, they can choose to work long hours, work short hours, work night shifts and work day shifts. In 2016, under the leadership of Abe's government, they developed into domestic workers. Both men and women are recognized in this field, and there is also a domestic examination. Women in the public, women, domestic women, domestic workers, regardless of which name can be collectively referred to as domestic workers, although it is unknown. But it is also indispensable, after a long historical test, it still plays an important role in Japanese society. Therefore, this paper takes the historical changes of family workers as the center, according to its historical development context, it is divided into female male, female middle, domestic women. Home economics four chapters, and then changes in the process of changes in the content of labor. Finally focus on the Abe government in 2016 to change its name as a domestic servant, through the combination of history and reality. To explore the historical significance of family workers, practical significance and the flexibility of changes.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K313

【相似文献】