中俄外交部新闻发言人言语行为对比研究

发布时间：2018-01-01 22:12

本文关键词：中俄外交部新闻发言人言语行为对比研究　出处：《北京外国语大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：新闻发布会是各种社会组织和个人传播信息的媒介,也是大众传媒的一大信息来源。外交部新闻发布会作为国际社会了解一国政策立场的重要窗口而备受关主。外交部新闻发言人通过定期召开发布会向国际社会传达自己国家对某个问题的立场和看法,承担着捍卫国家利益、引导国际舆论、塑造国家良好形象的重要责任。新闻发言人回答记者提问极具挑战性：一方面发言人要明确表达自己国家对某个问题的立场,另一方面又要考虑好表达的方式,确保回答适度得体。目前我国学者从语用学角度对我国外交部新闻发布会话语的研究多集中在发言人的某一个具体的言语行为或某一语用策略上,缺少对机构语境、制度化因素如何制约言语行为的系统研究。同时,虽然目前我国有学者对中美外交部新闻发言人的语用策略进行了对比研究,但是中俄外交部新闻发布会话语的对比研究暂时还是空白。鉴于上述研究现状,本论文选择中俄外交部新闻发布会话语为对象,用语用分析的方法对发言人的言语行为进行对比研究。本论文以机构语境和言语行为理论为理论支撑,探讨机构语境对中俄外交部新闻发言人实施的言语行为的制约和影响,分析中俄外交部新闻发言人实施的言语行为类型的差异和共性。本论文具有一定的创新意义。首先,本论文总结出外交部新闻发布会的机构语境制约言语行为的条件,一定程度上深化了机构语境的理论。其次,本论文揭示了机构话语言语主体的身份、角色与言语行为的关系。第三,本论文确定了中俄外交部新闻发言人的典型的言语行为结构和类型。第四,对中俄外交部新闻发言人的言语行为进行了对比分析,填补了中俄外交言语行为对比研究的空白。本论文具有一定的理论价值和实践意义。本论文将语用分析的方法与机构话语理论相结合,通过对近五年的中俄外交部新闻发言人言语行为的量化统计和对比分析,证明了机构的制度化对言语行为的约束远远强于语言个性和言语个性。这一结论一定程度上深化了机构话语的理论。同时,在我国中央和地方各级政府部门都在建立、健全新闻发言人制度的条件下,本论文的结论可提供语言学和语用学的参照。本论文的研究方法是描写法、语用分析法、定性和定量分析相结合的方法。本论文由引言、正文三章、结论和参考文献组成。引言指出了论文的选题依据、创新意义、理论价值、实践价值、研究方法,对语料来源做了说明。第一章对本论文的理论基础——言语行为理论和机构话语的研究史进行了简要的回顾。第二章详细分析了外交部新闻发布会的机构语境,提出了它对言语行为的五个方面的限制条件。第三章对近三年的中国、俄罗斯外交部新闻发言人的言语行为进行了统计、定量分析、言语行为类型分析、语用策略分析。对两国外交部新闻发言人言语行为进行了对比研究。结论部分概括本论文的研究成果。本论文的研究成果主要有：一、外交部新闻发布会是典型的机构语境,它由一系列的限制性条件组成。本文提出了五个限制条件,包括：言语主体的身份、话语角色的限制；场合的限制；话语程序的规定性；主题内容的限制以及言语组织的规定性。二、外交部新闻发言人主要实施直接言语行为,这与包括外交部新闻发布会在内的外交话语的交际目的直接相关——国家立场、观点的表达要清楚、明白、准确,体现交际意图的言语行为要明确。三、某种言语行为类型的使用率与机构代表的话语权直接相关。呼吁、主张、建议以及由心智动词做谓语的一系列表态言语行为在中俄两国新闻发言人话语中大量使用,可以说,呼吁、主张、建议和表态都是主权国家所拥有的话语权。四、间接言语行为的研究显示,机构代表的语用策略不仅仅是出于一般的会话原则(合作原则、礼貌原则)的考虑,也有机构规则的考虑。五、中俄两国外交新闻发言人的施为话语的量化特征、言语行为类型特征、语用策略均表现出共性大于差别,这进一步证明了外交机构的制度化对言语行为的约束远远强于语言个性和言语个性。
[Abstract]:The press conference is all kinds of social organizations and individuals in the information transmission media, a major source of information is an important window of mass media. The press conference the Ministry of foreign affairs as the international community to understand a country's policy stance has been closed. The main spokesman of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued through regular meetings will convey their national positions and views on an issue to the international society, undertake to defend national interests, guide the international public opinion, an important responsibility to shape the good image of the country. The news spokesman answered reporters' questions challenging: on the one hand the spokesman made clear their national position on a problem, on the other hand, consider ways of expression, be sure to respond to moderation.
At present our country scholars from the pragmatic perspective on China's Foreign Ministry press conference discourse focused on the spokesman for a specific speech act or a pragmatic strategy, the lack of institutional context, study how to institutional factors restricting speech acts. At the same time, although the pragmatic strategies of Chinese scholars on China Foreign Ministry spokesman has conducted the contrast research, but the comparative study of Sino Russian Foreign Ministry press conference discourse temporarily or blank.
In view of the present research, this paper choose the Russian Foreign Ministry press conference discourse as the research object, makes a comparative study of language with the method for analysis of the spokesman of the speech act. The institutional context and speech act theory, to explore the mechanism of restriction and influence of context on the Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman said the implementation of the speech act, analysis Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman and the common implementation of the speech act type differences.
It has certain significance in this paper. Firstly, this paper summarizes the press conference of the Ministry of foreign affairs of the organization and context of speech act, which deepen institutional context theory. Secondly, this paper reveals the mechanism of language language identity, relationship between the role and the speech act. Third, this paper determined the Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman of the typical speech act types and structure. In fourth, the speech act of Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman are compared, to fill gaps in the comparative study of the speech act of Russian diplomacy.
Has a certain theoretical value and practical significance of this paper. The method and mechanism of the combination of pragmatic analysis of discourse theory, through statistical and comparative analysis on nearly five years of Sino Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman speech act, that system of speech is far stronger than the constraint language character and speech personality. This conclusion has deepened the institutional discourse theory. At the same time, in China's central and local governments at all levels in the establishment of sound, the news spokesman system under the condition of the conclusion of this paper can provide the reference to Linguistics and pragmatics.
The methods of research in this paper are descriptive, pragmatic and qualitative and quantitative analysis.
This paper consists of introduction, three chapters, conclusions and references.
The preface points out the topic basis, innovation significance, theoretical value, practical value, research methods, the data sources are described. In the first chapter, the theoretical basis of this thesis, the research history of speech act theory and institutional discourse is briefly reviewed. The second chapter detailed analysis of the press conference of the Ministry of foreign affairs of the organization context. It puts forward the restriction of the five aspects of the speech act. In the third chapter, in the past three years China, quantitative analysis of the statistics, the speech act of spokesman of the Ministry of foreign affairs of Russia, analysis the type of speech act, analysis of diplomatic strategy of language. A spokesman for the Ministry of speech act was studied. Research conclusion part of this paper.
The main research results in this paper are as follows:
A press conference, the Ministry of foreign affairs is a typical organization context, which is composed of a series of restrictive conditions. This paper puts forward five conditions, including: the speech subject identity, discourse role restrictions; occasion restrictions; rules of discourse procedure; subject content restrictions and regulations of the organization of speech.
Two, the Ministry of foreign affairs spokesperson mainly implements direct speech act, which is directly related to the communicative purpose of Diplomatic Discourse, including the press conference of the Ministry of foreign affairs. The position of the state should be clear, clear and accurate, and the speech act to convey communicative intentions should be clear.
Three, some types of speech acts and the use rate of agency on behalf of the right of discourse. Directly related calls, claims, and suggestions from a series of mental verbs as predicate position of speech acts used in the two countries, the speech can be said that the appeal claims, advice and position are sovereign states have the right to speak.
Four, indirect speech act research shows that the pragmatic strategies of institutional representatives are not only considered by general conversational principles (cooperative principle, politeness principle), but also by institutional rules.
Five, the quantitative characteristics of Diplomatic Discourse, the types of speech acts, and the pragmatic strategies of Chinese and Russian diplomatic spokesmen show similarities and differences. This further proves that the institutionalization of diplomatic institutions is much more restrained than speech personality and speech personality.

【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H136;H35

【参考文献】