日语原因从句中的语气研究

发布时间：2018-01-01 02:33

本文关键词：日语原因从句中的语气研究　出处：《南京农业大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：日语是一门语气非常丰富的语言,在日本语学的领域里有很多关于语气的研究。自日本学者提出“句子由命题和语气构成”这一观点以来,对于语气的研究作为语言学的研究热潮一直备受关注。众多的语言学者致力于此领域,将语气的研究推向了一个崭新的阶段。其中,仁田义雄(1991)和益冈隆志(1991)分别提出了各自的语气体系,作为两个代表性的学术流派,其观点得到了普遍的认同。仁田义雄和益冈隆志基本上都是围绕句末的语气而展开研究的,而从句中的语气研究似乎没有得到足够的重视。另一方面,对于从句的先行研究,迄今为止主要是从从句的分类、从句的谓语部分的形态、从句中各项成分的机能和部分语气形式的意思和机能关系、从句的从属度以及“ノデ”和“力ラ”的相同点和相异点的研究,即从形态论、主句出现何种句式类型(语气形式)、意思、文体等角度进行考察。其中,一直以来备受重视的是两者的主句所出现的语气形式的比较。所以,通过对先行研究的整理,可以发现对原因从句,即对“ノデ”从句和“力ラ”从句中出现的语气形式的实际形态和机能的考察比较少。即使有些涉及,也称不上是明确的论述,因此有必要进行进一步的探讨。首先,本文主要以原因从句为研究对象,以“ノラ”从句和“力ラ”从句为中心,重点考察“ノラ”从句和“力ラ”从句中的语气形式的实际形态。通过对大量例句的考证和分析,把“ノデ”从句和“力ラ”从句中出现的语气形式的实际形态分为判断语气,礼貌语气,说明语气三类。其中,判断语气可以进一步分为价值判断语气和真伪判断语气。通过对实际形态的考察,得出了“ベキダ”、“ダロウ”、“ノダ”这三种语气形式一般不在“ノデ”从句中出现这一结论,并对于其为何不能和“ノデ”从句同时使用,进行了原因分析。其次,对于原因从句中语气的机能认定,通过应用“命题和语气的移动性”的相关原理,从原因句三种因果关系的分类出发,分别对表示事态缘由的原因句的从句中出现的语气形式的机能、表示判断的依据的原因句的从句中出现的语气形式的机能、表示发话行为的依据的原因句的从句中出现的语气形式的机能进行全面的考察和认定,并得出了以下结论：即原因从句中的语气基本上和在句末出现的时候具有相同的意思和机能,但当原因从句中的语气形式若不能够同时满足“说话人”在“发话时”的“主观态度”这三个语气定义的条件时,语气形式则丧失其语气功能,转化为命题。再者,对于“ノ尹”“力ラ”本身与主句的语气的限制关系进行分析。根据对先行研究的资料进行整理归纳,多数学者认为“ノデ”后多续表述事态缘由的叙述句。“力ラ”则既可以后接表示推测、劝诱、疑问等主观性语气,也可以后接表示客观描述的叙述语气。但是,本文通过例句,得出“ノ尹”不仅可以用于客观描述,亦可如同“力ラ”用于广泛的表示推量、意志、疑问等主观性语气这一结论。“ノ尹”特别多使用于说话人认为听话人对于原因理由的认识较低,为了特别强调其原因理由的情形。然而,在主句是劝诱或疑问等语气出现时,使用“ノ尹”,会有认为听话人的认识较低,有伤害对方自尊心的可能,因此在“ノ尹”前多使用礼貌语。最后,对于原因从句里出现的语气和主句里出现的语气的限制关系也进行了分析。得出原因从句中的语气形式具有相对独立性,可以说基本上不受句末的语气限制这一结论。但是,笔者发现主句是判断类语气的情形,如果句末语气是把握性较高的真伪判断,从句里表现价值判断的语气形式作为表现期望命题的实现的机能,很难成为真伪判断的依据,因此很难出现在判断类语气句子的从句当中。介于这一点,笔者认为这是一项很有研究价值的问题,可以作为今后的研究课题,进行进一步的深入研究。
[Abstract]:Japanese is a very rich language tone, there are a lot of research on mood in Japanese literary field. Since the Japanese scholars put forward the "sentence by proposition and tone" this view, the tone of the study has attracted much attention as the research upsurge of linguistics. Many scholars devoted to this field, will the tone of the research to a new stage. Among them, Nita Yiyu (1991) and MASUOKA (1991) longto respectively put forward their own tone system, as a representative of the two academic schools, the view has been generally recognized.
Nita Yiyu and Mashioka Takashi are basically around the end of the sentence of the tone, tone of clause seems to have not been paid enough attention to. On the other hand, to advance research so far is the main clause, clause from the classification of form clauses in the predicate, the composition and function of some clauses the meaning and function of tone form, on the same point ", and the subordinate clause design" and "lumira" and different points, namely from morphological theory, it appears what sentence type (tone form), meaning, study style and other aspects. Among them, there has been a lot of attention is the mood the two main forms appear. Therefore, based on the advance research, can be found on the actual form of reason, "tone type of data appear" clause and "lumira" clause in the The investigation of the function is less. Even if some of them are involved, it is not known as a clear exposition, so it is necessary to further discuss it.
First of all, this paper mainly reason clauses as the research object, with "no lumira" clause and "force lumira" clause as the center, focused on "no lumira" clause and "force lumira" clause in the form of the actual tone form. Through textual research and analysis of a large number of examples, the "no data" from the sentence and "lumira" clause in the form of the actual tone form is divided into judgment tone, polite tone, tone shows three categories. Among them, judge the mood can be further divided into the value judgment of the authenticity of tone and tone. Through the investigation of the actual form, the Vespa - "," Darou "," the three form of "general mood will not appear in the" no data "clause in this conclusion, and for the" no data "and why not. At the same time, the reasons were analyzed.
Secondly, for the reason that tone clause in the function, through applying the principle of "proposition and tone mobility", starting from the classification of Causals three kinds of causality, respectively on the reasons why the situation said the sentence clauses in tone form function, that causes the basis of sentence. The tone of the form function, said the reasons for the utterance sentence in tone form function to conduct a comprehensive investigation and identification, and draws the following conclusions: when the reason clauses in tone and basically comes at the end of the sentence has the same meaning and function, but when the clause in the if the mood forms can not meet the "speaker" in the "speaker" and "subjective attitude" of the three tone defined conditions, tone form lost its tone, transforming life.
In addition, the "Yin", "force of lumira" itself and the main tone of the limited analysis. Summarize according to previous researches, most scholars believe that "no data" after many continuous expression statements. "The reason it can force lumira" after said speculation, to doubt subjective mood, also can be said after the objective description of narrative voice. However, through the examples, the "no Yin" can not only be used as an objective description, can be widely used for "force lumira" that push the volume, will, this conclusion is subjective questions. "Mr Yin" language used in particular the reason for the hearer's understanding of reason is low, in order to highlight the reason reason. However, in the main clause is to persuade or tone questions arise, "Mr Yin", would have thought that the hearer recognize low injury Pride may harm each other, so the use of polite language in the "no Yin".
Finally, for the tone of the limited reason clause appears in the mood and the main clause is analyzed. The reason of the tone of the form clause is relatively independent, it can be said is basically not influenced by the end of the sentence tone limit this conclusion. However, the author found that the main clause is to determine the class of tone, if the sentence at the end of the tone is to grasp the high performance authenticity judgment, value judgment form clause as tone proposition to achieve the function of performance expectations, it is difficult to become the basis for judging the authenticity, so it is difficult to appear in the judgment modal sentence clause. From this point, I think this is a very valuable research the problem, can be used as a future research topic, further in-depth study.

【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：H36

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