《古事记》中汉字语意的受容现象

发布时间：2018-01-04 17:33

本文关键词：《古事记》中汉字语意的受容现象　出处：《山西大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《古事记》成书于表音文字平假名、片假名尚未出现的时代,全文使用汉字写成,文体方面采用了汉语文体和和语文体混用的变体汉文。《古事记》全文只有序文部分采用了中国六朝时代的骈体文的形式,正文则全文使用变体汉文。《古事记》的表记方法深刻反映了当时汉语和日本语的依存关系。作为日本现存最古老的文学作品,《古事记》反映了日本上代的文字表记特征,因此被称为“汉字表记的教科书”。为了使用汉字记录《古事记》的正文,《古事记》中所使用的很多汉字承担了“训”的作用,被称为“训字”。同时,在文字表记方面,《古事记》中所使用的汉字,在字义和用法方面,大多数同古汉语保持一致,但《古事记》正文使用变体汉文记录而成。所以在使用汉字记录文章时,所使用的汉字在字义和用法方面,完全同古汉语保持一致是很难实现的。通过本文的调查可知《古事记》中使用的汉字大多数在词义和用法方面同古汉语是一致的,但发生异变的例子也是存在的。为记录汉语产生的汉字,在自然地被融入日语的过程中,如何使用汉字来记录日语就是一个必须考虑的问题。在记录《古事记》的同时,日本语的“书记体系”也随之形成,这个体系的形成过程,实际上就是日本人使用汉字记录日语的意识逐渐强化的过程。本论文通过四个步骤进行说明和论述。第一章,阐述本论文的研究的目的和意义。其次通过对先行研究的介绍,在对已有研究成果进行学习理解的基础上,确立了本论文的观点。第二章,作为正文的铺垫,介绍了《古事记》的表记方法及其特征。第三章,对《古事记》中出现的在汉字的词义和用法方面同日语不一致的例子进行了分类,并对差异产生的原因进行了说明。本文通过分析把《古事记》中汉字的词义。用法产生的变异现象分为以下几种类型：首先是汉字词义的变异,本文中把汉字词义的变异分成为词义的派生和词义的转换这两种类型；其次是汉字用法的变异,为记录汉语而产生的汉字一直作为表意文字使用,汉字传入日本,为了记录作为粘着语的日语,某些汉字固定充当了某个语法成分。本文中把这种固定充当某种语法成分的汉字分为表示日语待遇表现的汉字和表示日语语法句型的汉字两种类型。第四章,本章对《古事记》中出现汉字词义异变现象的汉字在现代日语中的使用情况进行了总结,分析了《古事记》的表记方法对现代日语的影响。通过对《古事记》中的汉字字义及用法的变异现象的研究可以推测出当时日本人对文章表记的态度。《古事记》中在字义和用法上不同于古汉语的汉字实例,则是证明上代日本人文章表记态度的依据。对横亘在两种不同语言系统之间的汉字,进行语义和用法的研究也是十分必要的。《古事记》在日本表记史上占有极其重要的地位,所以《古事记》表记法的相关研究是十分必要的。同时对上代日语中所使用的汉字和古汉语汉字的关联性的研究也具有实际意义。因此,以本文为突破口,今后在更广的范围内,对上代文学作品的表记方式同古汉语的关联性这一问题进行进一步的研究,通过文字表记的研究,在文字、文化、文学、历史、社会、宗教等领域进行全面的学习,希望为中日文化交流事业献上一份绵薄之力。
[Abstract]:< > Kojiki written in phonetic hiragana, katakana has not yet appeared the era, the use of Chinese characters written by Chinese style and Chinese style body mixed variant Chinese. The Kojiki preface > only part of the form of the Chinese Six Dynasties prose, marking Chinese ancient variants. How to use the full text > is deeply reflected in Chinese and Japanese dependency relation. As Japan's oldest literary works, "Kojiki > reflects the text token characteristics of Japanese classical, so called" Chinese characters token textbook.
In order to use the Chinese characters record < Kojiki > >, < the Kojiki in many Chinese characters take "training", known as "training". At the same time, in the text token, use < > in the Kojiki in meaning and usage Chinese characters, most of the ancient Chinese. Consistent, but "Kojiki > text records into Chinese use variants. So in the use of Chinese characters record article, used in the meaning and usage of Chinese characters, with ancient Chinese remain completely consistent is difficult to achieve. By using the < > according to the investigation of Kojiki in most of the meaning and usage of Chinese characters with the ancient Chinese is the same, but the variation of the examples also exist.
For the record of Chinese produced in naturally into Chinese characters, the Japanese in the process of how to use Chinese characters to record the Japanese is a problem that must be considered in the Kojiki records < >. At the same time, the Japanese "secretary system" has been formed, the formation process of this system, the process is actually Japanese awareness. The gradual strengthening of the Japanese Chinese characters record.
This paper described and discussed through four steps. The first chapter expounds the purpose and significance of the study of this thesis. Then based on previous research, based on the understanding of the existing research results, establish the opinion in this paper. The second chapter, as the foundation, introduced the "token method according to the Kojiki and its characteristics. The third chapter of < > appears in the Kojiki meaning and usage with Japanese Chinese characters inconsistent examples are classified, and the reason of differences are described. Through the analysis of the" Kojiki > Chinese characters meaning. The variation of usage divided into the following types: the first is the meaning of this paper Chinese characters variation, the variation of meaning is divided into Chinese characters and the meaning of the meaning of the transformation of the two types; followed by the variation of Chinese characters of usage, which is recorded in Chinese The word has been used as an ideogram, Chinese characters introduced to Japan, in order to record the Japanese is an agglutinative language, some Chinese characters played the one grammar composition. In the paper, the fixed serve as a kind of grammatical Chinese characters divided into Chinese characters and treatment performance of the said Japanese representation of Japanese grammar patterns Chinese characters of two types. In the fourth chapter, the use of the meaning of unusual phenomena of Chinese characters < > in the Kojiki Chinese characters in modern Japanese language are summarized, analyzed the influence of < > token method Kojiki in modern Japanese.
Through the study on the variation of Kojiki Chinese characters < > in the word meaning and usage of the article can be inferred when Japanese token attitude. > in Kojiki meaning and usage is different from the ancient Chinese Chinese characters example, is that the attitude of the previous Japanese token basis. To lie in between two different languages the study of the meaning and usage Chinese characters, it is also very necessary.
"Kojiki" occupies an important position in the history of Japan's token, so the related research "Kojiki > notation is very necessary. At the same time also has the practical significance to study the relevance of the previous generation in Japanese Chinese characters and ancient Chinese Chinese characters. Therefore, in this paper as a breakthrough in the future more in a large, on the previous generation of literary works to further study the same token the relevance of the ancient Chinese, through the research, the text token in the text, culture, literature, history, society, religion and other areas of comprehensive learning, hope for the cultural exchange between China and Japan offer career to a modest.

【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：H36

【参考文献】