关联理论下对日语人称代词省略条件的考察

发布时间：2018-04-23 18:06

本文选题：省略 + 句子　；参考：《湖南大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 通过对以往研究的考察,笔者发现在众多关于日语人称代词省略现象的研究中,大部分是对各类省略现象的罗列,然而关于人称代词省略条件的考察似乎并不多见。因此,关于日语人称代词省略的条件还有待研究。本文根据关联的认知原理和交际原理,通过对句子层面及语篇层面中日语人称代词省略现象的分析,从认知视角考察影响日语人称代词省略现象产生的因素,进而探究其省略的条件。关联理论认为,一切交际行为都有“以最小的认知努力获得最大认知效果”的倾向。基于此,以往的研究将省略句定义为：以省略这一最小的认知努力得到包含说话者背景、情况、经验、想法等认知环境在内的最大认知效果的句子。本文沿用此定义对日语人称代词的省略现象展开研究。首先,本文从句子层面对人称代词省略现象进行了考察。日语中,由语义信息引起人称限定的句子表达有很多,例如：主观表达、授受表达、被动表达、敬语表达以及命令请求表达等。由于这些句子表达本身具有人称限定,所以通过这些表达能够达到人称所指明示化的认知效果。在此前提下,为了减少语言处理所需的认知努力,人称代词的省略是符合关联理论的。其次,根据人称代词的指示功能,本文从现场指示和话语复指两个方面考察了语篇层面日语人称代词的省略现象。对现场指示的考察表明,话语现场中人们可以通过视线、句末声调、“あのう·わえ”等招呼语以及专属名称等方式明示指示对象。因此,为了减少语言处理的认知努力,取得认知努力和认知效果的平衡,人称代词常常被省略。同时,针对话语复指,本文从承前省略和上下文省略两方面进行了分析。承前省略是通过上文中明示传达行为,‘确定关于人称所指的假定,即明示传达行为的新含义。在日语中,此人称所指的假定频繁被唤起。根据假定被唤起的难易性,这一人称所指的假定在下文中也更容易被唤起。根据关联理论,为了减少认知努力,人称代词被省略是符合人类认知的。再者,在上下文(等同于认知环境的广义上的上下文)出现的省略现象中,话题人物一般较多。人称代词被省略的话,人称所指不容易被推论。但是从上下文可以推论的话,为了保证最佳关联,人称代词也常常被省略,并由此保证了语篇的最佳连贯。最后,在关联理论的框架下,本文还考察了日语人称代词的非省略现象。考察结果表明,非省略是说话者试图通过人称代词来传达额外的认知效果,或者试图减少听话者理解语言要做的认知努力,为保证话语的最佳关联而主观采取的表达。这时,如果省略的话,就违反了关联原则。进而,通过考察,本文揭示出日本人“以心传心”的民族性作为一种逻辑信息已深植于日本人的认知环境,从而为日语中大量省略现象的产生提供了条件。
[Abstract]:Through the investigation of the previous studies, the author finds that most of the researches on the ellipsis of Japanese personal pronouns are an enumeration of all kinds of ellipsis, but the investigation on the ellipsis conditions of personal pronouns seems to be rare. Therefore, the conditions of Japanese personal pronoun ellipsis need to be studied. Based on the cognitive and communicative principles of relevance, this paper analyzes the ellipsis of Japanese personal pronouns at the sentence and discourse levels, and explores the factors that affect the ellipsis of Japanese personal pronouns from a cognitive perspective. And then explore the conditions of its ellipsis. Relevance theory holds that all communicative behaviors tend to achieve maximum cognitive effect with minimal cognitive effort. Based on this the previous studies have defined ellipsis as a sentence with the greatest cognitive effect including the background of the speaker the situation the experience and the idea through the minimal cognitive effort of ellipsis. This paper uses this definition to study the ellipsis of Japanese personal pronouns. First of all, this paper investigates the ellipsis of personal pronouns at sentence level. In Japanese, there are many sentence expressions defined by semantic information, such as subjective expression, grant expression, passive expression, honorific expression, command request expression and so on. Because these sentences have their own personal qualification, they can achieve the cognitive effect of the explicit expression of the person. On this premise, in order to reduce the cognitive effort required for language processing, the ellipsis of personal pronouns is consistent with relevance theory. Secondly, according to the deixis function of personal pronouns, this paper examines the ellipsis of Japanese personal pronouns at discourse level from the two aspects of field deixis and utterance complex. The investigation of field deixis shows that in the discourse scene, people can express the target by means of line of sight, tone at the end of the sentence, greeting words such as "such as" as well as the exclusive name. Therefore, in order to reduce the cognitive effort of language processing and achieve a balance between cognitive effort and cognitive effect, personal pronouns are often omitted. At the same time, this paper analyzes the utterance repetition from two aspects: antecedent ellipsis and contextual ellipsis. The former omission is to determine the assumption of the person's reference through the explicit communication act above, that is, the new meaning of the explicit communication act. In Japanese, this person claims that the assumptions he refers to are frequently evocated. Based on the ease of arousal of hypotheses, the hypotheses referred to by this person are also more likely to be evocated in the following paragraphs. According to relevance theory, in order to reduce cognitive effort, the omission of personal pronouns accords with human cognition. Furthermore, in the ellipsis of context (equivalent to the broad context of cognitive environment), there are more topic figures. When personal pronouns are omitted, personal pronouns are not easily inferred. However, in order to ensure the best relevance, personal pronouns are often omitted from the context, thus ensuring the best coherence of the text. Finally, under the framework of relevance theory, the non-ellipsis of Japanese personal pronouns is investigated. The results show that non-ellipsis is an attempt by the speaker to convey additional cognitive effects through personal pronouns or to reduce the cognitive effort of the hearer to understand the language and to ensure the optimal relevance of the utterance. At this point, if omitted, the principle of association is violated. Furthermore, through the investigation, this paper reveals that the nationality of the Japanese as a kind of logical information has been deeply rooted in the cognitive environment of the Japanese, thus providing the conditions for the occurrence of a large number of ellipses in Japanese.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：H36

【引证文献】