《简明汉日词典》（修订版）词类标注实证研究

发布时间：2017-08-24 23:09

本文关键词：《简明汉日词典》（修订版）词类标注实证研究

【摘要】：随着中国经济和国际地位的迅速增长，世界范围内的汉语热持续升温。汉语热已成为全球语言交际系统中的一种普遍现象。这一现象的兴起使得外向型汉外双语词典的需求增多。本文所研究的《简明汉日词典》正是专为日本朋友学习汉语而编写的。虽然词类研究已经有至少两千多年的历史，但是对现代汉语词典编撰来说，词类标注仍然是个老大难问题；对于汉外词典的编撰更是一个老大难问题。因而，词类标注已成为汉外学习者词典的研究热点。在谈论汉外学习者词典的词类标注中，涉及汉英词典的词类标注的研究较多，而汉日词典词类标注的研究则微乎其微，，更不用说语料支持下的标注情况分析。前人研究发现汉英词典中的词与非词的区分、兼类词的处理、词类对译原则几个方面存在较大的问题。本文以基于使用的理论（Usage-Based Theory）及原型理论（Prototype Theory）为理论框架，以北京大学现代汉语语料库和自建的《简明汉日词典》（修订版）词类标注数据库为基础，对词与非词的区分、兼类词的处理、词类对译原则三个方面进行了深入调查。研究表明：该词典所收录的语素、词、词组形成一个连续体，呈现出以双音节为原型的词范畴；在兼类词的处理上，该部词典能确定其典型的词类归属，但功能义项的缺失比较严重，“一词一义”的情况比较典型，有人为减少兼类词之嫌疑；该词典已标注词类的条目中都已基本遵循了词类对译原则，在未遵循该原则的词条中，形容词占了绝大多数，其原因可能是日语中有形容词和形容动词之分以及功能义项的遗漏，汉语中虽有状态词和属性词之分，但是在词典中均标注为形容词。本项研究不仅对现代汉语词典以及汉外词典词类标注具有重要的指导意义，对现代汉语语料库词类标注也具有重要的借鉴意义，而且对现代汉语语法本体研究也同样具有重要的学术价值。
【关键词】：词与非词的区分 兼类词 词类对译原则 基于使用的理论 原型理论
【学位授予单位】：四川外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H36;H146
【目录】：

摘要4-5
Abstract5-7
Acknowledgements7-8
TABLE OF CONTENTS8-12
Chapter One Introduction12-19
1.1 Motivations of the Study12-16
1.2 Objectives of the Study16-17
1.3 Layout of the Thesis17-19
Chapter Two Literature Review19-31
2.1 Introduction19
2.2 Previous POS Studies on Chinese-English Dictionaries19-22
2.3 The Studies of the Distinction between Words and Non-words22-24
2.4 The Studies of the Treatment of Multiple Class Membership24-26
2.5 The Studies of the Implementation of the Principle of Translating by POS26-28
2.6 Summary28-31
Chapter Three Methodology31-36
3.1 Introduction31
3.2 Corpus Selection31-33
3.3 Data Collection33-34
3.4 Data Processing34-35
3.5 Summary35-36
Chapter Four Results and Discussion36-64
4.1 Introduction36
4.2 Results36-45
4.2.1 Results of the Distinction between Words and Non-words36-39
4.2.2 Results of the Treatment of Multiple Class Membership39-44
4.2.3 Results of the Implementation of the Principle of Translating by POS44-45
4.3 Discussion45-63
4.3.1 Discussion of the distinction between words and non-words45-51
4.3.1.1 The Characteristics of Entries that Take on in CCJD46-49
4.3.1.2 The Purpose for Distinguishing Words and Non-words49-50
4.3.1.3 The Operational Basis for Distinguishing Words and Non-words50-51
4.3.2 Discussion of the Treatment of Multiple Class Membership51-60
4.3.2.1 The Impact of the Criteria of Distinguishing Word Class52-54
4.3.2.2 The Invalidity of the Principle of Simplicity54-57
4.3.2.3 The Effect of the Principle of Economy57-58
4.3.2.4 Views from Second Language Learner’s Perspective58-60
4.3.3 Discussion of the Principle of Translating by POS60-63
4.4 Summary63-64
Chapter Five Conclusion64-66
5.1 Major Findings of the Study64-65
5.2 Limitations of the Study and Suggestions for Further Study65-66
References66-73
Appendices73-111
Appendix 1: Non-words from CCJD73-98
Appendix 2: Both Non-words and Words98
Appendix 3: Words with Five Word Classes in Group A98
Appendix 4: Words with Four Word Classes in Group A98-99
Appendix 5: Words with Three Word Classes in Group A99
Appendix 6: Words with Two Word Classes in Group A99-106
Appendix 7: Words that Violate the Principle of Translating by POS106-111