手部动词“拿”的语义认知研究

发布时间：2018-02-16 18:28

本文关键词： 手部动词拿语义句法模式认知机制　出处：《杭州师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：动词决定句子的基本结构,是语法研究的核心话题之一。针对动词的研究至今尚未形成系统、综合的研究模式。本研究基于语言普遍性假设,通过考察和描写现代汉语手部动词“拿”的词义和句法结构,探讨其语义引申路径、认知机制和句法语义表现。本研究首先采用“实验研究法”,对“拿”所构成的句法结构作尽可能充分的准确描写；然后基于“拿”的句法描写,参照其词典释义,依据“词汇概念和认知模型”理论,分析其语义引申路径和和认知机制及其语义认知模型,最后构拟“拿”的语义认知结构图。本研究还根据“拿”的句法语义表现形式,对其隐含的语用认知理据做了尝试性的探讨。本研究结果表明,手部动词“拿”句式主语只能是有生名词,即人称代词和少数动物名词；“拿”句式的宾语可以是有生名词、无生物质名词和抽象名词(但都受制于语义条件),其句法语义是否适宜可以通过认知隐喻、转喻及其连续统加以解释；“拿”和“拿”句式与一系列语义范畴相联系,这些语义范畴包括动作参与者、方式、所达成的结果、方向或强度等；“拿”和“拿”句式句法语义表现有其认知理据,即所有句法形式最终都可简单地归结为一定的语义认知关系。手部动词“拿”的研究不仅可以为其它动词的研究提供理论和方法上的借鉴,而且还可以促进词汇语义学以及有关句法和语义接口的研究；该研究还有助于认知隐喻、转喻理论和“词汇概念和认知模型”理论的发展和完善,有助于考察和修正“实验研究法”的不足。此外,本研究成果对自然语言信息处理、词库建设、词典编纂和语言教学等也有积极的参考价值和实践意义。
[Abstract]:Verbs determine the basic structure of sentences, which is one of the core topics in grammatical research. The study of verbs has not yet formed a systematic and comprehensive research model. This study is based on the hypothesis of linguistic universality. By investigating and describing the meaning and syntactic structure of hand verb "Na" in modern Chinese, this paper probes into its semantic extension path, cognitive mechanism and syntactic and semantic expression. This study first uses "experimental research" to describe the syntactic structure of "Na" as fully and accurately as possible, and then, based on the syntactic description of "Na" and referring to its dictionary interpretation, according to the theory of "lexical concept and cognitive model", The semantic extension path and cognitive mechanism and its semantic cognitive model are analyzed. Finally, the semantic cognitive structure diagram of "Na" is constructed. The present study is also based on the syntactic and semantic expressions of "Na". An attempt is made to explore its implied pragmatic cognitive motivation. The results show that the subject of hand verb "Na" can only be a living noun, that is, personal pronoun and a few animal nouns, and the object of "Na" sentence can be a living noun. No biomass nouns and abstract nouns (but all subject to semantic conditions) can be interpreted by cognitive metaphor, metonymy and their continuum, and the sentence patterns "Na" and "Na" are associated with a series of semantic categories. These semantic categories include action participants, ways, the results achieved, direction or intensity, etc. The syntactic and semantic expressions of "Na" and "Na" have their cognitive motivations. That is, all syntactic forms can be reduced to a certain semantic cognitive relationship. The study of hand verb "Na" can not only provide theoretical and methodological reference for the study of other verbs, but also promote the study of lexical semantics and syntactic and semantic interfaces. The development and perfection of metonymy theory and lexical concept and cognitive model are helpful to investigate and correct the deficiency of "experimental research method". Dictionary compilation and language teaching also have positive reference value and practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：杭州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136

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