蒙语中语言的群体间偏差现象

发布时间：2018-02-20 01:33

本文关键词： 语言的群体间偏差蒙古语语言范畴模型眼动实验　出处：《内蒙古师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：语言的群体间偏差现象作为一种社会心理学现象，最早是由AnneMaass等提出来的。这一现象是指个体在使用语言来描述他人行为时所表现出的一种系统性偏差，主要表现为：个体在描述群体内成员的正向行为和群体间成员的负向行为时会使用抽象水平较高的词语，而在描述群体内成员的负向行为和群体间成员的正向行为时会使用抽象水平较低的词语。对这一现象的研究的理论基础是Semin和Fiedler等提出的语言范畴模型，该模型将描述个体行为的词按其抽象水平从低到高分为：描述行为动词、解释行为动词、状态动词和形容词，并认为这四类词是在具体-抽象维度上连续分布的。目前杜卫,YoshikoTanabe及Anne Maass等分别在英语、日语及汉语背景下考察了语言的群体间偏差现象。这些研究中都使用了相同的实验范式。语言的群体间偏差现象是一种普遍现象还是具有语言间的特殊性，不同的语种之间存在何种差异是这一现象的延伸关注的问题。蒙语在语系、语用方面与已有语种的研究存在典型差异，那么，蒙古语中是否存在这一现象及其特点如何是需要进一步考察的。本研究主要考察蒙语中是否存在语言的群体间偏差现象。选取蒙古族蒙语个体作为研究对象，分别从行为层面实验和眼动层面对这一现象进行研究。行为实验结果表明，被试对于自己朋友的正向行为（M=3.1750）和讨厌的人的负向行为（M=2.3250）更多的选择抽象水平较高的描述，，而对于自己朋友的负向行为（M=1.800）和讨厌的人的正向行为（M=1.5375）则更多的选择抽象水平较低的描述。眼动实验结果表明，被试对于自己朋友的正向行为和讨厌的人的负向行为所对应的四个描述中，对抽象水平较高的词的注视点及凝视时间都较高，而对于抽象水平较低的词的注视点和凝视时间都较少；对于自己朋友的负向行为和讨厌的人的正向行为所对应的四个描述中，对抽象水平较高的词的注视点及凝视时间都较少，而对于抽象水平较低的词的注视点和凝视时间都较高。行为和眼动两个实验结果都表明，蒙语中存在语言间的群体偏差现象，其特点与已有语言的研究具有共同之处。语言间的群体偏差现象具有一定程度的普遍性。
[Abstract]:As a kind of social psychology phenomenon, the phenomenon of inter-group deviation of language is first put forward by AnneMaass et al. This phenomenon refers to the systematic deviation that individuals exhibit when they use language to describe the behavior of others. The main expression is that individuals will use more abstract words when describing the positive behavior of the members of the group and the negative behavior of the members of the group. When describing the negative behavior of the members of the group and the positive behavior of the members of the group, the words with a lower level of abstraction are used. The theoretical basis for the study of this phenomenon is the linguistic category model proposed by Semin and Fiedler, which classifies words describing individual behavior from low to high in terms of their level of abstraction: describing behavioral verbs, explaining behavioral verbs, state verbs and adjectives. It is considered that these four categories of words are continuously distributed in concrete and abstract dimensions. At present, Yoshiko Tanabe and Anne Maass are used in English, respectively. In the context of Japanese and Chinese, the phenomenon of inter-group deviation of language is examined. The same experimental paradigm is used in these studies. Is the phenomenon of inter-group deviation of language a universal phenomenon or has the particularity of inter-language? What kind of differences exist between different languages is an extension of this phenomenon. There are typical differences between Mongolian and existing languages in language family and pragmatics. The existence of this phenomenon and its characteristics in Mongolian needs further investigation. This study mainly investigates whether there is a phenomenon of inter-group deviation in Mongolian language. The Mongolian individual is chosen as the object of study, and the behavioral experiment and eye movement are carried out respectively. The results of behavioral experiment show that, Subjects were more likely to choose a more abstract description of the positive behavior of their friends (M3.1750) and the negative behavior of the hated people (M2.3250). However, the negative behavior of their friends (1.800) and the positive behavior of the annoying people (1.5375) were more likely to be described at a lower level of abstraction. The results of eye movement experiments showed that, In the four descriptions of the positive behavior of their friends and the negative behavior of the hated people, the subjects had a higher fixation point and a higher staring time for the words with a higher level of abstraction. In the four descriptions of negative behavior of their friends and the positive behavior of the hated people, the fixed points and the staring time of the words with a higher level of abstraction were less than those of the words with a lower level of abstraction, and the four descriptions of the negative behavior of their friends and the positive behavior of the loathsome people had less fixation points and staring time. The fixed point and staring time of the words with lower abstract level were higher. The results of behavioral and eye movement experiments show that there is a phenomenon of group deviation between languages in Mongolian language, which has the same characteristics as that of existing languages, and the phenomenon of group deviation among languages has a certain degree of universality.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H0-05

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