汉语句末助词的儿童语言习得

发布时间：2018-02-21 20:17

本文关键词： 语言习得句末助词功能词类成人输入　出处：《清华大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：汉语句末助词出现在汉语普通话的语句末尾，，是功能词类。它们的意义比较空灵，不包含具体的所指内容，却能够表达说话者对语句内容的不同态度。同时，相同的汉语句末助词可以出现在不同的上下文中，表达各种含义。在汉语句法研究中，句末助词的句法位置位于CP投射下。通过对汉语句末助词的早期习得研究，我们可以了解儿童对汉语功能词类的习得，并探索汉语CP结构在早期儿童语言中的发展情况。本文研究了汉语儿童对句末助词“呢”、“吧”、“吗”和“嘛”的早期习得，旨在通过研究句末助词在儿童语言早期的发展模式、儿童如何习得句末助词的丰富特性、以及成人语言输入对儿童习得所产生的影响，从跨语言的角度为功能词类的习得研究做出贡献。本文所使用的语料来自于BJCELA语料库中对四名母语为汉语儿童的跟踪研究。通过分析这四名儿童从10个月到24个月之间产出的自然语料，我们发现儿童在两岁前已经产出“呢”、“吧”、“吗”和“嘛”这四个句末助词，并且能够在各种上下文中使用，表达不同意义。同时，对成人输入与儿童产出的深入分析以及半对数回归分析结果证明，成人输入与儿童句末助词的产出在统计上没有显著相关性，但是儿童使用的部分句末助词与成人的输入仍具有相似性。研究结果表明，作为功能词类，句末助词在儿童语言发展的早期已经得到较为丰富的使用，并不存在缺失现象。因此，功能词类存在于儿童语言习得的初始阶段。而成人语言输入对儿童习得汉语句末助词虽不具有决定性作用，但仍然为儿童获取触发性数据提供了丰富的来源。
[Abstract]:The auxiliary words at the end of Chinese sentence appear at the end of the sentence of Chinese Putonghua. They are functional parts of speech. Their meanings are empty, they do not contain specific references, but they can express the different attitudes of the speaker to the content of the sentence. At the same time, In Chinese syntactic research, the syntactic position of the final auxiliary is under the projection of CP. We can understand children's acquisition of functional parts of speech and explore the development of Chinese CP structure in early children's language. This paper studies the early acquisition of "er", "ba", "er" and "er" by Chinese children, in order to study the patterns of the development of end-auxiliary words in children's early language, and how children acquire the rich characteristics of end-of-sentence auxiliary words. And the effects of adult language input on children's acquisition contribute to the acquisition of functional parts of speech from a cross-linguistic perspective. The data used in this paper are drawn from a follow-up study of four native Chinese children in the BJCELA corpus. By analyzing the natural data produced by the four children from 10 months to 24 months, We found that by the age of two, children had already produced "er", "yes", "er" and "ah", and could use them in various contexts to express different meanings. At the same time, The deep analysis of adult input and children's output and the result of semi-logarithmic regression analysis show that there is no statistical correlation between adult input and children's output at the end of sentence. However, some of the final auxiliary words used by children are still similar to those of adults. The results show that, as functional parts of speech, they have been widely used in the early stage of children's language development. Therefore, functional parts of speech exist in the initial stage of children's language acquisition, and adult language input does not play a decisive role in children's acquisition of Chinese sentence final auxiliary words. But it still provides a rich source of trigger data for children.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146.2;H193.1

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