《战国策》疑问句研究

发布时间：2018-02-22 02:15

本文关键词： 《战国策》疑问句标记　出处：《南昌大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：《战国策》作为先秦历史散文的瑰宝之一，是一部辑录战国时期纵横策士们言行的代表作品，也是上古时期有重要价值的语言载体。该书通过记载言录来描绘史实和刻画人物，既有王侯将相正式高雅的政治术语，又有平民百姓通俗易懂的日常生活用语。语言多样化且形象具体，非常接近战国时期汉语言的真实面貌，是我们研究战国时期历史和时代语言特点的重要古代文献。本文选择《战国策》作为语料，通过对其疑问句进行系统的分析，探究其在汉语史上的地位，并为推动其在战国时期的语言研究奠定良好基础。全文共分为四部分：第一章是引论。共分为五个小部分：一是对《战国策》的内容和编订者刘向作简单介绍；二是对《战国策》目前的研究进行综述；三是提出研究目的和研究方法；四是对本文使用的版本进行说明；五是介绍本文对疑问句进行的分类，并阐释标记理论。第二章具体描写和分析《战国策》的疑问句。笔者按照疑问句的形式把《战国策》的疑问句进行归类：第一类是由“疑问词”构成的标记疑问句，共688句，占72.1%，再分别从单由“疑问语气词”标记、由“疑问代词”标记、由“疑问副词”标记和其它标记词标记四个小类进行静态的描写和动态的分析；第二类是由“疑问结构”构成的标记疑问句，共264句，占27.7%，再分14个小类分别进行说明；第三类是无标记疑问句（即仅有疑问语调而没有以上任何一种形式的疑问句），共2句，，占0.2%，均为反问句。最后运用“统计与列表”的方法，对三类疑问句的数量和类型进行统计，再结合标记理论，具体全面地对《战国策》疑问句特点进行归纳，继而将《战国策》疑问句与秦汉时期的一些作品如《孟子》、《韩非子》、《吕氏春秋》、《荀子》、《汉书》的疑问句进行比较分析，运用共时阐述与历时比较相结合的方法，试图找出疑问句从战国时代发展到两汉时期的大体脉络，再进一步延伸到现代汉语中来，真正总结出汉语言的发展与变化。第三章对《战国策》疑问句的语用特点进行分析和研究，分别阐述它在论辩过程中具有表达委婉和说服劝谏的语用价值，对此高超的语言技巧，我们要加以学习。第四章是结语部分。笔者从疑问句的类型、疑问句的结构、疑问句的句末语气词使用上、疑问句的标记词方面进行分别概述，最后作出总结，得出有标疑问句是构成疑问句的主导，并证明现代汉语疑问句的句块模式及其构建手段在先秦时就已经基本确立。
[Abstract]:As one of the treasures of the historical prose of the Pre-Qin Dynasty, the Policy of the warring States period is a representative work of compiling the words and deeds of the strategists in the warring States period, and it is also an important language carrier of the ancient period. Both the official and elegant political terms of the princes and the common people's easy-to-understand daily life terms. The language is diverse and concrete, very close to the true appearance of the Chinese language during the warring States period. It is an important ancient document for us to study the history and language characteristics of the warring States period. This paper chooses the Policy of warring States as the corpus, through the systematic analysis of its interrogative sentence, explores its position in the history of Chinese, and lays a good foundation for promoting its language research in the warring States period. The thesis is divided into four parts:. The first chapter is the introduction, which is divided into five parts: first, a brief introduction to the content and editor Liu Xiang of the warring States Policy; second, a summary of the present research on the warring States Policy; third, the purpose and method of the research; The fourth is to explain the version used in this paper, and the fifth is to introduce the classification of interrogative sentences in this paper and to explain the mark-up theory. The second chapter specifically describes and analyzes the interrogative sentences of the warring States Policy. The author classifies the interrogative sentences in the form of interrogative sentences: the first category is marked interrogative sentences consisting of "interrogative words", which consists of 688 sentences. It is marked by "interrogative mood words", "interrogative pronouns", "interrogative adverbs" and other markers, respectively. The static description and dynamic analysis are carried out from four subcategories: "interrogative mood words", "interrogative pronouns" and "interrogative adverbs" and other markers. The second category is marked interrogative sentences consisting of "interrogative structure", which consists of 264 sentences, accounting for 27.775, and is described in 14 subcategories. The third category is unmarked interrogative sentences (i.e., interrogative sentences with only interrogative intonation and no one of the above forms, consisting of two sentences). Using the method of "statistics and list", the quantity and types of the three types of interrogative sentences are statistically analyzed, and the characteristics of the interrogative sentences of "warring States Policy" are summed up concretely and comprehensively in combination with the marker theory. Then the interrogative sentences of the warring States Policy and some works of the Qin and Han dynasties, such as Mencius, Han Feizi, Lu's Spring and Autumn, Xunzi, Han Shu, were compared and analyzed, and the method of synchronic explanation and diachronic comparison was used. This paper tries to find out the general context of interrogative sentences from the warring States period to the Han Dynasty, and further extends to modern Chinese, and sums up the development and change of the Chinese language. The third chapter analyzes and studies the pragmatic characteristics of the interrogative sentence in the warring States Policy, and expounds its pragmatic value of euphemism and persuasion in the process of argumentation. We should learn from this superb language skill. Chapter 4th is the conclusion part. The author summarizes the types of interrogative sentences, the structure of interrogative sentences, the use of modal words at the end of interrogative sentences, and the marker words of interrogative sentences. It is concluded that the marked interrogative sentence is the dominant form of the interrogative sentence, and it is proved that the pattern and construction method of the interrogative sentence in modern Chinese have been basically established in the pre-Qin period.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H141

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