论近代翻译小说的文体变迁

发布时间：2018-03-13 09:36

本文选题：翻译　切入点：文类体制　出处：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在本论文中我们主要从文学形式的角度切入来研究清末翻译小说在各种动力因素下形成了怎样的面貌。我们找到了三个方面的动因来讨论：作为话语的文类体制,作为历史事实的文类体制,以及外部源语文化的影响,并且历时性地探索这些动因的综合导致了翻译小说文体面貌上出现的变化。本文第一部分讨论文类体制观念对翻译的影响。文言体小说与白话体小说不仅仅是使用两种不同语言的区别,而且无论在感性的风格上、叙述对象、表达方式、叙事学意义上的结构以及背后支持的社会文化意识形态上都有所区别,自成两个相对独立的系统。现代逐渐建立的诗学观念以及古典遗留的“文道”观念共同主宰了近代小说批评观念。虽然由于民族危亡意识催生出的语言统一运动导致近代白话体在小说翻译理论上的优势,但进化论的态度又使得文言并非是“旧”的象征,而是进步的象征,迟早会替代眼下便宜行事的白话体。本文第二部分讨论目的语文化即中国传统文类体制在译语中留下的痕迹以及对译者选择译语的影响。表达不同的场景或为了达到不同的叙述目的,白话和文言的表达功能和表现力是有所侧重的。白话章回体和文言笔记体以及传奇体等文类体制都一定程度上约束了译语的选择。本文第三部分讨论在翻译实践中文类体制规范的影响渐趋减小,以及这一过程中在叙事观念、叙事焦点、叙事时间等方面,文体出现了迥异于传统小说的新特征。突破了传统的体制成规。西方长短篇意识的进入对传统体制产生冲击。为了适应西方小说中灵活的叙述和焦点的转换,译者调动出各种传统文体资源,形成了文体杂糅的现象。另外,“虚拟真实”观的形成使得不需要用叙事上的手段来刻意强调真实性或强调虚幻性。最后,重新调整叙述时间等叙事技术产生了一系列新体小说。最后译者在翻译中使用的文体与日语底本息息相关。中国从日语转译都偏爱选择明治初期汉文调较重的小说。而从日语转译的小说出现了一些很不符合现代汉语习惯的语法现象。白话和文言语体经历了语体转型,后期小说中的白话有明显的雅化倾向,而文言小说句式有明显的欧化倾向,这种语体的转化从另一个角度说明了文类体制解体的过程。总之,近代的翻译实践促使了传统多种文体资源进行分解与整合,以应对西方陌生文化语境与文本。在这个过程中,无论是文学外在的体式、文体、叙事手段和表达风格上都出现了一些新变,这些新质促使传统文体逐渐过渡到现代性文体。
[Abstract]:In this paper we mainly from the perspective of literary form in the late Qing Dynasty novel translation in a variety of dynamic factors formed a kind of look. We find the reasons in three aspects to discuss: as discourse genre system, as the historical facts of the literary system, and the influence of external source culture, and duration to explore the comprehensive these factors led to changes in the translation style of the novel.
The first part of this paper discusses the influence of the concept of translation system. The classical Chinese novels and the vernacular novels are not only the use of two different languages differ, but in terms of emotional style, narrative object, expression, narrative structure and the meaning behind the social and cultural ideology are different from two relatively independent systems. Modern gradually establish the poetics concept and the classical legacy of "Wen" and "Dao" of common sense dominates the criticism of the concept of modern novels. Although the language unification movement of national peril that has led to the advantage of modern consciousness of vernacular fiction translation in theory, but also makes the classical evolutionary attitude is not "the old" symbol, but a symbol of progress, sooner or later will replace the vernacular now act according to circumstances.
The second part of the paper is left to the target culture Chinese traditional genre system in the target language and the traces of the translator's choice of translation effect. The expression of different scenes or in order to achieve different narrative purpose, function and expression of expressive vernacular and classical Chinese is different. The white chapter notes and words and classical Chinese legend the body system is bound to some extent of the target language.
In the third part of the discussion in the translation practice Chinese class standard system influence gradually reduce, and this process in the narrative concept, narrative focus, narrative time, style appears new characteristics different from the traditional novels. Break the traditional system of rules. In the west the length of discourse awareness on the impact of the traditional system. In order to adapt to the transformation of narrative and flexible focus in western novels, the translator of various traditional style to mobilize resources, the formation of the stylistic hybridity phenomenon. In addition, formation of "virtual reality" concept that does not need to use hand to deliberately emphasize narrative authenticity or emphasize illusory. Finally, re adjust the narrative time and narrative technology has produced a series of new novels.
Finally, the translator in the translation of Japanese style and are closely related. China dibon translated from Japanese to Chinese prefer to choose the early Meiji tone heavier novels. From the Japanese translation of novels have some very grammatical phenomenon of modern Chinese vernacular and classical Chinese style habits. The styles of later novels in the vernacular transformation. There is obvious tendency of elegance, and classical Chinese novels have obvious tendency of Europeanization constructions, transformation of the style description of the process of the disintegration of the system from another point of view.
In a word, the modern translation practice promotes the traditional style of a variety of resources for the decomposition and integration, strange cultural context and text in response to the West. In this process, both the external literary style, stylistic, narrative style and expression means have appeared some new changes, the new quality to the traditional style gradually transition to the modern style.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H059;I046

【参考文献】