语言调查词表研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 18:24

本文选题：语言调查　切入点：语言研究　出处：《上海师范大学》2012年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：词表，对于语言学理论、语言教学、中文信息处理等领域都具有极其重要的价值和意义。词表研究，也因此成为众多学者历来关注的重要课题之一。语言调查词表是语言调查的工具，是语言研究的基础，在普通语言学和应用语言学中有着极其重要的地位。本研究拟在《汉藏语同源词表》(2011)、《普林斯顿汉语方言词汇手册》(1972)、《汉语方言词汇调查手册》(2006)、《SIL非洲比较词表》(2006)等国内外已有语言调查词表的基础上，借鉴Swadesh基本词表、南岛语基本词汇数据库等人类认知核心词表和《基础英语850词》等主要教学词表的研究经验与成果，构建语言调查词表的理论体系和词汇分类体系，编制语言调查词表，为中国语言和方言田野调查提供具有可操作性的语言调查词表。世界范围内的语言调查词表存在着不同的理论体系、类型和历史演变，回顾历史可以站在更高的平台上研究语言调查词表。通过对语言调查词表的概念进行界定，确定本研究的范围，，梳理国内外相关词表研究成果，指出目前词表研究存在的问题与不足，研制科学的语言调查词表任重道远。语言是人类的特征，语言研究的终极目标是了解人类本身。语言学是一门与生物学、遗传学、神经科学、心理学、人类学、人工智能科学、通讯科学、认知科学等息息相关的复杂性的国际性学科。语言调查作为语言学的一个分支学科，属于共时性研究，是描写语言学范畴，具有社会科学和自然科学的双重属性。从语言共性、人类认知、原型范畴、知识本体、词价理论、核心词与基本词汇理论等方面构建语言调查词表理论体系构建，具有重要意义。任何语言都有自己的词汇系统，词汇是语言调查不可或缺的基础，语言调查必须编制语言调查词表。语言调查词表最主要的目的是为调查一种语言或方言词汇提供最基本的词目，通过调查记录整理分析词目，从而得出某种语言语音系统的轮廓、词的语法分类线索，为语义研究奠定基础，为词汇研究提供参考，进而推动语言学理论及应用语言学的研究与发展。编制语言调查词表时，需要解决的问题是词汇体系分类、基本词汇分类、调查词表词目分类以及调查词表词目义项分类、词表词目选择原则和标准等。依照学界惯例，本研究将词汇体系分为核心词汇、基本词汇、一般词汇、常用词汇，指出基本词汇中存在着特征词汇，并对调查词表词汇进行了界定，认为调查词表中的“词”是表达完整的意义、可以自由充当造句成分或直接造句的单位，是一个基本的认知单位、交际单位和思维单位，是被言语社团的语感所普遍认定的基本单位，并以“词目”形式出现在调查词表中。本研究提出了语言调查词表选录词汇的四条原则（核心性原则、通用性原则、常用性原则以及高频性原则）和调查词表择词十条标准，并将调查词表词目分为一级词目、二级词目和三级词目，在江荻等前人研究基础上将词表词目义项分为十一个一级义类和三十六个二级义类。本研究接轨前人研究成果，以江荻2011年编制的《汉藏语同源词表》等十个国内外代表性词表为基础数据库，进行筛选、整合与人工干预，得到一级词目调查表（1000词）、二级词目调查表（2000词）和三级词目调查表（5000词），并为一级词目中表达人类具体概念与动作的“实物性”词目配制了实物图片，对表达抽象概念和主要起语法作用的功能词目进行意境图片配制与造句处理，为语言田野调查提供便利，提高语言调查的效率与调查结果的准确率。
[Abstract]:Vocabulary for linguistics, language teaching, has very important value and significance Chinese information processing and other fields. Vocabulary study has thus become one of the important subjects of many scholars. The language is the language vocabulary investigation investigation tool, is the basis of language study, plays a very important role in general linguistics and application in linguistics.
This study intends to list in the < > homology of Sino Tibetan (2011), "Princeton Dialect Vocabulary Handbook (1972) >, < > the dialect vocabulary Investigation Handbook (2006), African comparative glossary of language vocabulary investigation at home and abroad, from the basic Swadesh word table, research and experience results of Austronesian basic vocabulary database of human cognitive core vocabulary and basic English words such as < 850 > the main teaching vocabulary, theory system and lexical classification system construction thesaurus language survey, compiled language vocabulary investigation, provide practical survey of language vocabulary for China languages and dialects of fieldwork.
The world within the scope of the survey of language theory that there is a different system of vocabulary, types and evolution of history, history can stand in the study of vocabulary language survey on a higher platform. Through defining the concept of language vocabulary investigation, to determine the scope of the research, summarizing the relevant research results of the vocabulary, vocabulary study problems and development of scientific language vocabulary survey to be done.
Language is human characteristics, the ultimate goal of language study is to understand human beings. Linguistics is a biology, genetics, neuroscience, psychology, anthropology, artificial intelligence science, communication science, international complexity of cognitive science is closely related to the subject. Language investigation as a branch of linguistics, which belongs to the study of CO when is the description of the linguistic category, with dual attributes of social science and natural science. From the common language, human cognition, prototype category, ontology, word price theory, core words and basic vocabulary theory etc. to construct Language Thesaurus investigation theory system, has important significance.
Any language has its own vocabulary, vocabulary is the basis of language investigation indispensable, language investigation must be compiled language vocabulary. Vocabulary investigation survey of language the main purpose is to provide the most basic investigation of a language or dialect vocabulary, through the investigation and analysis of the whole record, so that a sound system of a language profile grammatical classification of cue words, to lay the foundation for the semantic study, provide a reference for the study of vocabulary, and promote the research and development of linguistics linguistics theory and application.
The language vocabulary investigation, the problems need to be solved is the classification system of basic vocabulary, lexical classification, thesaurus and classification of investigation survey of vocabulary meaning classification, Thesaurus of choice. In accordance with the principles and standards of academic practice, this study will be divided into the core vocabulary vocabulary system, basic vocabulary, vocabulary, vocabulary, are pointed out the characteristic of the vocabulary of basic vocabulary, vocabulary words and the survey defines that investigation of the vocabulary of the "word" is to express a complete meaning, can act as a sentence or sentences directly free components of the unit, is a basic cognitive unit, communication unit and unit of thought, is the basic unit is generally recognized speech community the sense of language, and to "of" the form appears in the survey list. This article put forward four principles of language vocabulary selection (core vocabulary survey principle, general principle, The principle of the principle of common and high frequency) and ten standard vocabulary and word selection investigation, and the investigation of vocabulary is divided into a level of grade two and grade three, of entries in the river, on the basis of previous studies, di Thesaurus of meaning is divided into eleven level and thirty-six level two semantic class semantic class.
The results of previous studies. In this study, Jiang Di compiled in 2011 "Sino Tibetan vocabulary > ten homology at home and abroad representative thesaurus based database, screening, integration and artificial intervention, get a grade of questionnaire (1000 words), the two level of the questionnaire (2000 words) and three (5000 of the questionnaire and, as a word) of the expression of human specific concepts and action of the" real "of preparation of pictures, function of expression of abstract concepts and the main grammatical function of artistic pictures and preparation of sentence processing, to facilitate language fieldwork, improve the efficiency and accuracy of survey results in the language.

【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H08

【引证文献】