《庄子》中的语言学思想管窥

发布时间：2018-03-29 14:16

本文选题：庄子　切入点：语言学思想　出处：《陕西师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文对《庄子》中语言学思想进行了解读、注释和翻译,结合运用当代语言学理论进行分析与阐述,包括庄子对“名实观”的阐述、语言性质的认识、语言功能与作用的重视、语言传递过程中的“得”与“失”的描述、人为什么能说话的原因分析以及语言和文字关系的论述。把这些语言学问题挖掘出来,旨在使人们了解先秦时期的庄子在语言学领域做出的不可磨灭的贡献。本文共七章内容：第一章主要是本论文的选题意义和国内外研究现状的概述,并说明了本文所依据的文献资料,因为参照的文献以及版本是进行论文的最关键环节。第二章中因为庄子不可避免地参与了先秦时期有关“名实”问题的激烈讨论,所以对庄子“名实观”的阐述显得极为重要,为此单独列出一章进行阐述和分析。庄子明确地肯定了“名”对于“实”的依赖关系,提出“名者,实之宾也”。他认为必须以“实”为中心,“名”应该是始终居于从属、补充的地位。他还相信“名止于实”,也就是“名”要根据“实”来命名,二者具有对应的关系。在庄子看来,不同名称的事物实质是相同的,因此他提出了“异名同实”的观点。第三章中主要揭示了庄子对语言性质的认识。庄子对语言的局限性有着深刻的认识,这是他最为得意的语言学思想,为后来很多语言学家称道。庄子既说明了语言不足以表达“道”,不足以表达“物象”,又没有彻底否定语言,而是承认了语言的实用性,甚至还明确指明了语言可以表达的方面,即“可以言论者,物之粗也”。另外,庄子还指出了人类语言的特征以及人类语言与自然界声音、动物声音的区别,见解独特,令人深思。除此之外,庄子还认为“物谓之而然”,意思是语言是人们叫出来的,不是大自然赋予的,而且人们在命名事物时是任意的,事物与表示事物的名称之间的关系是自由的、不关联的。第四章中展现了庄子对语言功能的重视。他注意到当时社会语言发挥的重要作用,提出怎样交际是最恰当的。在他看来,语言虽然不足以表达客观世界,但是只要可以表达,就一定想方设法表达到最好。庄子还认识到语言传递过程中有“得”有“失”并对其进行了详细地解释与说明。第五章中主要展现了庄子对儿童语言有过的思考,庄子解释了人为什么能说话的原因。他认为儿童本来不会说话,之所以后来能说话,主要是和会说话的人在一起相处的缘故。也就是说,语言不是天生的,而是后天习得的。人的语言能力如果不经向“能言”的人学习,人的语言天赋是不会变成实际的语言能力的。第六章中揭示了庄子对语言和文字关系的思考,说明了文字源于有声语言并且是用来记载有声语言的。第七章中是对庄子语言学思想的整体概述和归纳总结,充分肯定了庄子在语言学史上的地位、贡献和价值,希望引起人们对庄子语言学思想的重视。
[Abstract]:The paper interprets linguistics < Chuang-tzu >, annotation and translation, combined with the use of modern linguistic theories are analyzed and explained, including Chuang-tzu on the "real concept of" paper, understanding of the nature of language, language function and role of attention, language transfer in the process of "a" and "missing" description of the people why can speak the cause analysis and discussion of the relationship between language and text linguistics. Dig out these problems, to make people aware of the pre Qin period Chuang-tzu made an indelible contribution in the field of linguistics.
There are seven chapters in this paper.
The first chapter is mainly about the significance of the topic and the current research situation at home and abroad, and explains the literature data based on this article, because the reference documents and versions are the most critical links.
In the second chapter, because Chuang-tzu is inevitably involved in the pre Qin period of intense discussion of the "Ming Shi", so Chuang-tzu "is" the view of this is extremely important, this chapter separately described and analyzed. Chuang-tzu explicitly affirmed the "name" for the "dependency", put forward "name and Shi". He thought that must be "real" as the center, "" should be always in a subordinate position. He also added, "to believe", which is the "name" according to the "Shi", the two have corresponding relations. In the view of Chuang-tzu the essence of things, different names are the same, so he put forward "with different appearances but the same essence" point of view.
The third chapter mainly reveals the understanding of the nature of language. Chuang-tzu Chuang-tzu has a profound understanding of the limitations of language, this is his most proud linguistic thought, many linguists later praised. Chuang-tzu shows not only the language to express the "Tao", to express the "image", and did not completely negate language, but recognize the practicality of the language, and even clearly indicates the language can express, "which can express, the rough". In addition, Chuang-tzu also pointed out that the characteristics of human language and human language and nature sound, different animal sounds, unique insights and thought-provoking. In addition to this besides, Chuang-tzu also believed that "things that naturally", meaning the language is called by people, not of nature, but people in naming things is arbitrary, the relationship between things and things that the name is from It is not related.
The fourth chapter shows the importance of Chuang-tzu language. He noticed that the important role of social language play, put forward how to communicate is the most appropriate. In his opinion, language is not enough to express the objective world, but as long as you can express it must find ways to express the best. Chuang-tzu also realized that language transfer in the process of "get" and "lost" and has carried on the detailed explanation.
The fifth chapter mainly show the thoughts of Chuang-tzu on children's language had, Chuang-tzu explained why people can speak. He thinks that children would not speak, are then able to speak, and mainly talking people together sake. That is to say, language is not innate, but acquired. People's language ability without "talking" to people to learn the language talent of the people will not become the actual language ability.
The sixth chapter reveals Chuang-tzu's thinking about the relationship between language and words, indicating that words are derived from sound language and are used to record sound language.
The seventh chapter is the overall summary and summary of Chuang-tzu's linguistic thought. It fully affirms Chuang-tzu's status, contribution and value in the history of linguistics, hoping to arouse people's attention to Chuang-tzu's linguistic thought.

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H109.2

【参考文献】