现代汉语中同素近义单双音节形容词研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 07:30

本文选题：单音节 + 双音节　；参考：《山西师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文主要考察的是单音节形容词和与其含有相同语素的双音节形容词在形式、词法特征和句法特征方面的异同，以及这些异同在语言应用中的一些作用。汉语词汇发展的趋势是双音节词逐渐占优势，这与古代汉语中单音节词占优势的特点有着很大不同。这种不同就导致了古代汉语中保留下来的单音节词和后来在此基础上演化出的双音节词之间存在着千丝万缕的联系,这种关联性表现在形式、意义等方面，像“蠢”和“愚蠢”、“脆”和“清脆”、“潮”和“潮湿”等等，这些词看似意义相近，其实在用法上存在或多或少的不同。早在汉语词汇研究之初，就有许多学者对这一现象进行了多方面的探讨。本文是在借鉴前人的研究基础上，对这一特殊词类“同素近义单双音节词”中的形容词小类进行研究考察的。论文的前面部分重点描写和分析单音节和双音节形容词在形式上和意义上的对应关系，并指出了在这种对应关系背后的一些简单的规律，如在形式对应关系上，单音节形容词对应两个或多个双音节形容词的情况是最普遍的，占我们统计的大多数；在意义对应关系上，，多义的单音节词对应单义的双音节词是最普遍的等。后面部分是从形容词的一些特征以及形容词在句子当中的组合能力等方面对同素近义单双音节形容词进行了比较和探讨。在句子中的组合能力方面，主要是通过探讨与名词和动词的搭配来实现的。词法特征的考察主要从这些词的重叠形式和它们与“de”字结构的组合两个方面进行。这其中，我们发现单音节形容词和“de”的组合限制比较多，不如双音节灵活；除去“de”之后，单音节词的灵活性就比双音节的要高出许多；在重叠能力方面，单音节形容词的重叠能力较强，而双音节词相对较弱。在句法特征的考察中，比较明晰的结论是：这些特殊的形容词和别的词或者结构搭配时，音节的契合程度和本身词义的影响在组合时会对整体结构起到很大的限制作用。如单音节形容词在与动词搭配时，更倾向于和单音节动词的搭配等等。论文的最后一部分主要是针对词典编纂和对外汉语教学而言，希冀以上认识和研究方法对现有的词典编纂和对外汉语教学会有一定程度的帮助。
[Abstract]:This paper is mainly about the similarities and differences between monosyllabic adjectives and their two syllable adjectives with the same morphemes in form, lexical features and syntactic features, as well as some functions of these similarities and differences in language application.
Chinese vocabulary is the development trend of double syllable words gradually dominant, and the characteristics of the ancient Chinese monosyllabic words dominant are very different. This difference is caused between the monosyllabic words preserved in ancient Chinese and then on this basis, the evolution of disyllabic words in this inextricably linked. Correlation of performance in form, meaning, like "stupid" and "stupid", "brittle" and "crisp", "tide" and "wet" and so on, these words seem similar meanings, actually exist in the usage of more or less different. As early as in the study of Chinese vocabulary at the beginning, there are many scholars several aspects of this phenomenon. This paper is based on the previous research, research on this special lexical category "similar meaning of single and double syllable words" adjectives in small classes.
The front part of this thesis describes and analyzes the relationship described in the form and meaning of the monosyllabic and disyllabic words, and points out some simple rules behind this relationship, such as in the form of correspondence, single syllable adjective corresponding to two or more double syllable adjective is the most common, the majority of our statistical significance; in correspondence, monosyllabic polysemy corresponding monosemy disyllabic words are the most common.
The back part of the similar meaning of single and double syllable adjectives are compared and discussed from some features of adjectives and adjectives in a sentence combination ability. The combination ability in the sentence, mainly through the discussion and collocation of nouns and verbs to achieve. The influences of lexical features mainly from the overlap the form of these words and their combination of "de" structure of the two aspects. Among these, we found that the combination of monosyllable adjectives restricted words and "de" are more than double syllable flexible; remove "de" after the monosyllabic word flexibility than double syllable is much higher; in the overlapping ability, single syllable word overlap ability strong, and double syllable words is relatively weak. In the study of syntactic features, relatively clear conclusion is: These adjectives and other words or the special collocation structure, The combination of syllable and the meaning of its own words will greatly restrict the whole structure when combined. For example, monosyllabic adjectives tend to match monosyllabic verbs when they are paired with verbs.
The last part of the thesis is aimed at lexicography and teaching Chinese as a foreign language, hoping that the above understanding and research methods will help to improve the existing lexicography and teaching Chinese as a foreign language.

【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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