《唐话纂要》部分词语研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 03:21

本文选题：《唐话纂要》 + “二字话”　；参考：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：汉语是一种影响十分深远的语言。作为邻邦,日本历代有学习汉语的风尚,由此产生了很多汉语教材和汉和翻译作品。这些材料同中国本土的汉语文献一起为我们如今研究汉语提供了宝贵的素材。《唐话纂要》是一本日本汉语教材,作于18世纪,它的作者冈岛冠山能与中国人做流利汉语交流,并长期从事汉语教学。当时的日本教授汉语多用中国本土蒙书及儒家著作。冈岛认为汉语教学不应从教授书面语入手,而更应重视口语教学,因此编写了数本进行汉语口语教学的课本,本书即是其中之一。书中收集了大量汉语词汇、短语、日常对话和少量俚曲。《唐话纂要》的词语研究价值有以下几点：其一,深化对清代汉语口语的认识。其二,为近代汉语及现代汉语词汇语法的研究提供素材,深化对近现代汉语关系的认识。其三,对词典的编纂有补充修订的作用,可发现词典中有漏收、释义举例不当、缺失义项、用例年代过晚等问题。其四,从一个侧面反映了当时中国的部分民俗。其五,可以观察语言教学特点。本文以《唐话纂要》为研究对象,首先对其中双音节词语进行了汇释。准确理解词义是词语研究最初也是最重要的一步。本文通过对《唐话纂要》中“二字话”部分的词汇梳理,对词典中部分释例年代过晚的词语给出更早的释例；对词典漏收的词义做出补充；对词典未收的词语结合冈岛的日语注释和中国文献给出释义。其次,在进行汇释的过程中,总结冈岛对词义和用法理解的错误之处,并发掘出现这种误解的原因,指出在初级汉语教学中这类局限不可避免,而且这种模糊的教学方式也并不影响日本人学习汉语同中国人交流。再次,总结出冈岛对词语句子的记录中反映的当时中国亲属关系、社会关系、商贸往来等情况,也是对当时社会情况的一种浓缩式的反馈。最后,对一些有集中表现的词缀情况做一些分析。
[Abstract]:Chinese is a language with profound influence. As a neighboring country, Japanese has a tradition of learning Chinese, resulting in a lot of Chinese textbooks and Chinese translation works. These materials, together with the Chinese literature in China, provide valuable material for us to study Chinese today. Tang dialect compilation is a Japanese Chinese textbook written in the 18th century. Its author Guanshan Okashima can communicate with Chinese fluently and engage in Chinese teaching for a long time. At that time, Japanese teaching Chinese mostly used Chinese native Mongolian books and Confucian works. Okajima believes that Chinese teaching should not start with teaching written language, but should pay more attention to oral language teaching. Therefore, several textbooks for oral Chinese teaching have been compiled, and this book is one of them. The book contains a large number of Chinese words, phrases, daily conversations and a few slang. The research value of the words and phrases in Tang dialect is as follows: first, deepen the understanding of Chinese spoken language in Qing Dynasty. Secondly, it provides materials for the study of modern Chinese and modern Chinese lexical grammar, and deepens the understanding of the relationship between modern Chinese and modern Chinese. Third, the dictionary compilation has the function of supplementary revision, it can be found that there are some problems in the dictionary, such as omission, improper interpretation examples, missing meanings, late use cases and so on. Fourthly, it reflects part of Chinese folklore at that time from one side. Fifth, we can observe the characteristics of language teaching. Taking Tang dialect as the object of study, this paper firstly interprets two-syllable words. Understanding the meaning of words accurately is the first and most important step in the study of words. By combing the vocabulary of "two-character words" in the compilation of Tang dialect, this paper gives an earlier explanation of some of the words in the dictionary which are too late, and makes a supplement to the meaning of the missing words in the dictionary. The meaning of the uncollected words in the dictionary combined with the Japanese annotation of Okaoka Island and the Chinese literature is given. Secondly, in the process of confluence interpretation, we summarize the mistakes in understanding the meaning and usage of words in the island, and explore the reasons for this misunderstanding, and point out that this kind of limitation is inevitable in the primary Chinese teaching. Moreover, this vague teaching method does not affect Japanese learning Chinese to communicate with the Chinese. Thirdly, it is concluded that the Chinese kinship, social relations, trade relations and so on reflected in the words and sentences recorded in Okaoka Island are also a kind of condensed feedback to the social situation at that time. Finally, some concentrated expressions of affixes are analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

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