论译者风格批评

发布时间：2018-05-26 23:10

本文选题：译者风格 + 译者风格批评　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2008年博士论文

【摘要】： 译者风格批评是一项尝试性的研究。译者风格批评的实践虽然自有翻译史以来就存在,但是,批评的内容不是轻描淡写,就是缺乏理据。古代的译者风格批评实践,主要是直观的感性评价,缺乏深入的分析;近现代的译者风格批评实践涉及译者风格的内容很少,即使有,往往也是以偏概全,主要是译作风格批评实践,大多呈现出“挑错儿”式的批评,而且常常由于言辞激烈而引发译者之间的论战,主要原因是译界对“批评”一词的反面理解。当代的译者风格批评实践,主要还是以译作风格批评为主,呈现出多元化、多层次的趋势,较之以往,批评者的理论理据意识更强、批评的手段更先进。译者风格的必然性研究上升到了理论的高度,译者主体性研究中对译者的主体地位给予了充分的尊重,然而,缺乏系统的真正意义上的译者风格批评。译者风格批评没有引起重视,没有形成统一的认识,批评也处于一种芜杂的状态。译者风格批评属于翻译批评的范畴。翻译批评问题在国内最早是由鲁迅先生提出来的。他从正反两个方面提出了批评的内容,初衷是提高翻译质量。但是,鲁迅先生对其内容的阐释还远远不够。随后董秋斯先生进一步丰富了鲁迅先生的翻译批评内容,并进一步提出了翻译批评的标准和重点。随后,焦菊隐先生提出了建立翻译批评体系的设想,并且首次将翻译本体以外的内容,诸如译者因素、语言差异、译作影响以及批评态度等等也纳入到翻译批评中。然而,可惜的是,这项工作没有再接着做下去。但是,鲁迅先生、董秋斯先生和焦菊隐先生在翻译批评领域的开创性贡献大大推动了翻译批评实践的发展。翻译批评理论体系在国内的逐步形成始于上个世纪的90年代初,国内相继出版了一系列建立翻译批评理论体系的著作,特别是2007年伊始,温秀颖的《翻译批评——从理论到实践》一书的推出更将翻译批评理论推向了成熟与完善。翻译批评理论体系的建立所走过的路程诠释了事物发展的客观规律,这一轨迹是任何事物发展的必经之路。翻译批评理论体系的建立,为译者风格批评理论体系的建构提供了理论基础和理论依据。回顾译者风格批评实践所走过的路程,以及近几年翻译主体性、主体间性以及与译者风格批评相关的学科理论的迅速发展、风格批评手段的先进化、科学化,使译者风格批评理论体系的建构也到了水到渠成的时机,译者风格批评实践需要上升到理论的高度、也需要理论的指导。因此,按照事物的发展规律,我们试搭建了一个译者风格批评的理论框架。本论文就是基于这样一种思路与动机设计的。主要内容如下:首先,通过回顾译者风格批评实践的历史,论证译者风格和译者风格批评实践事实的存在;其次,通过文献梳理,探究与译者风格批评相关的各理论、实践要素,确定并搭建译者风格批评理论框架的各大论域;最后,以翻译批评理论框架为本框架的构建模型,尝试建立了这样一个译者风格批评理论框架。本论文多次提到,探讨译者风格、构建译者风格批评理论框架,其目的并不是要夸大译者风格的地位和作用,也不是为译者的盲目游离原作风格开脱,而是,在译者风格及译者风格批评这一既成事实的前提下,通过构建这样一个理论框架,一,客观地评价译者在翻译过程中的主导作用;二,给予译者应有的地位和尊重;三,对译者风格的价值给予客观的评价;四,引导译者风格批评实践走向理论化、科学化;五,提高翻译质量。同时,也以此引起译者的注意,尽量将各种因素的干扰降至最低,遵循翻译的本质。本论文具体包括以下内容: 第一章为绪论,介绍了本论文的研究背景、译者风格的理论必然性和实践存在事实、研究动机与目的、方法与步骤、范围与材料。第二章“译者风格批评的性质”,首先对译者风格批评体系的核心概念译者风格进行了界定,探讨了译者风格的特点、确定了本项研究的理论范畴和主要论域以及译者风格批评的功能,最后,指出了本项研究的理论意义和实践意义。第三章“译者风格的制约因素”是本论文的最大论域,包括五小节,分别是:译学意识形态与译者风格、译者的翻译思想与译者风格、翻译目的与译者风格、语言的制约与译者风格、译者的审美取向与译者风格。这五大内容是探讨译者风格产生的主客观原因。在“译学意识形态与译者风格”中,首先探讨了译学意识形态与意识形态的关系,以此明确译学意识形态的内涵以及与译者风格的关系,最后从理论和实践两个方面主要论证了译学意识形态中的主流文化认同和主流审美取向对译者风格的制约作用。本章的第二部分探讨的是译者的翻译思想与译者风格的关系。人的行动受制于思想,翻译活动也不例外,本节从理论上探讨了翻译思想与翻译策略、翻译方法的关系,以及翻译策略、翻译方法对译者风格的直接制约作用,最后以著名翻译家严复、傅雷、朱生豪、鲁迅为例,从实践上进一步论证了译者的翻译思想与译者风格的关系。翻译目的对译者风格也有非常大的制约作用。本节先是梳理了翻译目的论的代表性观点,又列举了翻译史上翻译目的左右翻译活动的实践事实,旨在从理论和实践上论证翻译目的对翻译活动的影响;然后,对翻译目的进行了分类,阐述译者参与了各种翻译目的,并在达成各种翻译目过程中所起的协调作用,最后从理论和实践两个方面探讨了翻译目的对译者风格的制约作用。语言的异质性是公认的对语言转换最大的障碍。本章的第四小节中,分析了译者风格与语言的关系、语言间的本质差异、译者化解差异的能力以及译者表现语言的能力,论证了语言的异质性对译者风格的制约作用。 “译者的审美取向与译者风格”是本章探讨的最后一个制约译者风格的主要因素。人的审美属性使人的审美体验无处不在,然而,人的审美体验又各有差异。文学作品具有很高的审美价值,这种审美价值不仅表现在形式上也表现在内容上。不同的审美取向产生不同的审美结果,本节针对文学作品的两个关键属性——语言和文学的审美视角,从理论和实践上论证了译者的审美取向对其风格的影响。本章除了专节论证以上各大制约因素外,还在小结部分探讨了其他相关因素,如译者的创作风格、译者的年龄、性别以及原作风格对译者风格产生的制约作用。同时指出,这是一个开放性的论域。本论文的第四章探讨的是译者风格的认知,因为译者风格的认知是展开译者风格批评的基础。论文梳理了风格的传统和现代认知方法以及理论依据,从翻译实践中总结了有关翻译风格的传统和现代认知方法,并对其有效性进行了评价;另外,论文还列举了当代风格认知研究中有代表性的模式,目的都旨在为译者风格的认知提供借鉴,最后提出了译者风格认知的两种方法,单维认知法和多维认知法。这只是一个理论上的方法论,具体的操作步骤将是一个很大的论题,也极具挑战性,还有待进一步地探索与实现。第五章探讨的是译者风格批评的标准与方法问题。首先提出了译者风格批评的原则,即全面、客观、公正的原则,按照以上原则,制定了以下标准:译者风格对原作主题的表现力、译者风格的艺术感染力、译者风格对译语语言的贡献、译者风格对译语文学的贡献、译者风格对译语文化的影响,其中前四个标准评价的是译者风格的审美价值,最后一个标准评价的是译者风格的社会价值。本章建议译者风格批评采用审美解读法。方法的原则是:一,译者风格的本质特征;二,译者风格的意义;三,批评者客观、公正的态度;四,方法的科学性。译者风格具有审美的特征,译者风格批评应从译者风格的审美特性切入,深入地解读其价值意义。第六章是论文的结语部分。本部分对翻译史上各个时期的译者风格批评实践进行了简要的概述和评价,目的是提出构建译者风格批评理论框架的必要性,使译者风格批评理论化、科学化。同时,本章也列出了本研究的局限和发展空间。译者风格批评理论框架的构建,是一项尝试性的研究,列入框架内各项论域的合理性还有待译界同仁的认可,同时框架的进一步充实与完善还需进一步探讨,各论域中的具体内容的进一步论证还需理论发展的支持。万事开头难。以这篇小小的论文投石问路、抛砖引玉,希望它能看到一个光明的前景。
[Abstract]:The translator style criticism is a tentative study. Although the practice of the translator's style criticism has existed since its own history of translation, the content of the criticism is not an understatement or a lack of motivation. The practice of the ancient translator's style criticism is mainly an intuitive perceptual evaluation and a lack of deep analysis; the practice of modern translators' style criticism involves the practice of the translator. The content of the translator's style is very few. Even if it is, it is often biased, mainly in the practice of translation style criticism, most of which show "fault" style criticism, and often cause the controversy between the translators because of the fierce words. The main reason is the negative understanding of the word "criticism" in the translation circle. In addition to the translation style criticism, there is a trend of diversification and multi-level. Compared with the past, the theoretical motivation of the critics is stronger and the means of criticism are more advanced. The study of the inevitability of the translator's style has risen to the height of the theory, and the translator's subjectivity is fully respected in the study of the translator's subjectivity, however, the lack of system is not systematic. In the true sense of translator style criticism, translators' style criticism has not attracted much attention, and there has not been a unified understanding and criticism is also in a state of confusion.
The translator's style criticism belongs to the category of translation criticism. The question of translation criticism is first proposed by Mr. Lu Xun in China. He puts forward the content of criticism from two aspects. The original intention is to improve the quality of translation. However, Mr. Lu Xun's interpretation of his content is far from enough. Then, Mr. Dong Qiusi further enriched Mr. Lu Xun. The content of translation criticism, and the standard and emphasis of translation criticism, was put forward. Later, Mr. Jiao Juyin put forward the idea of establishing a system of translation criticism, and for the first time, the contents of the translation body, such as the factors of the translator, the difference of language, the influence of the translation and the attitude of criticism, were also included in the translation criticism. However, the pioneering contribution of Mr. Lu Xun, Mr. Dong Qiusi and Mr. Jiao Juyin in the field of translation criticism greatly promoted the development of translation criticism practice. The gradual formation of the system of translation criticism theory in China began in the early 90s of the last century, and a series of translation criticism has been published in China. The work of the theory system, especially at the beginning of the 2007, Wen Xiuying's Translation Criticism - from theory to practice, has pushed the theory of translation criticism to maturity and perfection. The path of the establishment of the theoretical system of translation criticism explains the objective law of the development of things. This path is the only way for the development of anything.
The establishment of the theoretical system of translation criticism provides a theoretical basis and theoretical basis for the construction of the theoretical system of the translator's style criticism. It reviews the path of the practice of the translator's style criticism, as well as the rapid development of the subject theory, the intersubjectivity and the theory of the style criticism of the translator in recent years, and the evolution of the style criticism means. Scientifically, the construction of the theory system of the translator's style criticism has also come to a ripe time. The practice of the translator's style criticism needs to rise to the height of the theory and the guidance of the theory. Therefore, according to the law of the development of things, we have tried to build a theoretical framework for the style criticism of the translator.
This paper is based on such ideas and motives. The main contents are as follows: first, through the review of the history of the translator's style criticism practice, the existence of the translator's style and the practical fact of the translator's style criticism is demonstrated. Secondly, through the literature review, the theories related to the translator's style criticism are explored, the practical elements are determined and the translators are set up. In the end, the framework of the framework of the theory of translation criticism has been tried to establish a framework of the theory of translators' style criticism. This thesis has been mentioned many times in this paper, to explore the style of the translator and to construct the framework of the theory of the translator's style criticism, which is not to exaggerate the position and function of the translator's style. Not for the translator's blind free original style, but on the premise of the translator's style and the translator's style criticism, by constructing such a theoretical framework, one, objectively appraising the translator's leading role in the process of translation; two, giving the translator the position and respect of the translator; and three, giving the value of the translator's style to the translator. Four, guide the translator's style criticism practice to be theoretical, scientific and five, to improve the quality of translation. At the same time, the translator's attention will be aroused, and the interference of various factors is minimized, and the essence of translation is followed.
This paper includes the following:
The first chapter is the introduction, which introduces the background of the study, the theoretical inevitability of the translator's style and the fact of practice, the motivation and purpose, the methods and steps, the scope and the material.
The second chapter, "the nature of the translator's style criticism", first defines the translator style of the core concept of the translator's style criticism system, probes into the characteristics of the translator's style, determines the theoretical scope and main domain of this study and the function of the translator's style criticism, and finally points out the theoretical and practical significance of this study.
The third chapter "the restrictive factors of the translator's style" is the largest area of this thesis, including five sections, namely: the ideology and style of translatology, the translation thought and the translator's style, the translation purpose and the translator style, the restriction of the language and the translator's style, the aesthetic orientation of the translator and the translator's style. The five main contents are to discuss the translator's style. The subjective and objective reasons.
In the "ideology of translatology and the style of translators", the relationship between ideology and ideology is first explored to clarify the connotation of the ideology of translatology and the relationship with the style of the translator. Finally, the mainstream cultural identity and the mainstream aesthetic orientation in the ideology of translatology are mainly demonstrated in the two aspects of theory and practice. The influence of style.
The second part of this chapter discusses the relationship between the translator's thought and the style of the translator. The action of man is subject to the thought and the translation activities are no exception. This section discusses the relationship between translation ideas and translation strategies, translation methods, translation strategies, the direct restriction of translation methods to the style of the translator and the final translation of famous translation. Yan Fu, Fu Lei, Zhu Shenghao and Lu Xun, for example, further demonstrate the relationship between translators' translation ideas and translators' styles.
The purpose of translation is to restrict the translator's style too. This section first combs the representative view of translators' skopos theory, and lists the practical facts of the translation activities in the history of translation. The purpose is to demonstrate the effect of translation purposes on translation activities in theory and practice; then, the purpose of translation is classified and explained. The translator participates in various translation purposes and plays a coordinated role in the achievement of various translation processes. Finally, the restriction effect of translation purposes on the style of the translator is discussed from two aspects of theory and practice.
The heterogeneity of language is recognized as the biggest obstacle to language conversion. In the fourth sections of this chapter, the relationship between the translator's style and language, the essential difference between languages, the ability of translators to dissolve the differences and the ability of the translators to express the language are discussed, and the restriction of the language heterogeneity to the translators' style is demonstrated.
"The aesthetic orientation of the translator and the style of the translator" is the last main factor that restricts the translator's style. The aesthetic attribute of the human being makes the aesthetic experience of the human being everywhere. However, the aesthetic experience of the human is different. The literary works have a high aesthetic value, and the value of the aesthetic is not only expressed in form but also in content. Different aesthetic orientation produces different aesthetic results. This section demonstrates the influence of the translator's aesthetic orientation on its style in theory and practice in view of the two key attributes of literary works, the aesthetic perspective of language and literature.
In addition to the above major constraints, this chapter discusses other related factors, such as the style of the translator, the age of the translator, the sex and the style of the original. It is also an open domain.
The fourth chapter of this thesis deals with the translator's style of cognition, because the cognition of the translator's style is the basis of the translator's style criticism. The thesis combs the traditional and modern cognitive methods and theoretical basis of the style, summarizes the traditional and present cognitive methods of translation style from the translation practice, and evaluates its effectiveness. In addition, the paper also enumerates the representative patterns in the study of contemporary style cognition. The purpose is to provide reference for the translator's style of cognition. Finally, two methods of the translator's style cognition, single dimension cognitive method and multidimensional cognitive method are put forward. This is only a theoretical methodology, and the specific operation steps will be a big topic, too. It is very challenging and needs further exploration and implementation.
The fifth chapter discusses the standards and methods of the translator's style criticism. First, the principles of the translator's style criticism, namely, the principle of comprehensive, objective and impartial, have been formulated. In accordance with the above principles, the following standards are formulated: the expressive force of the translator's style to the original theme, the artistic appeal of the translator style, the contribution of the translator style to the target language and the translator's style. The contribution of lattice to the translation of language literature and the influence of the style of the translator on the culture of the target language, among which the first four criteria are the aesthetic value of the translator's style, and the final criterion to evaluate the social value of the translator's style. The original part of this chapter is that the translator's style is the essential feature of the translator's style; two, the translator. The meaning of style; three, the objective and impartial attitude of the critic; four, the scientificity of the method. The translator's style has the aesthetic characteristics, and the translator style criticism should be cut in from the aesthetic characteristics of the translator's style, and the value meaning of the translator is deeply interpreted.
The sixth chapter is the concluding part of the thesis. This part briefly summarizes and evaluates the practice of the translator's style criticism in the history of translation. The purpose is to put forward the necessity of constructing the frame of the theory of the translator's style criticism and make the translator's style criticism theoretical and scientific. At the same time, this chapter also lists the limitations and development space of this study. The construction of the frame of the theory of style criticism is a tentative study. The rationality of various domains in the framework is also approved by the colleagues in the translation circle. At the same time, further enrichment and improvement of the framework need further discussion. Further demonstration of the specific contents of each domain needs the support of theoretical development.
Everything is difficult at the beginning. With this little paper, ask for a lesson, and hope that it will see a bright future.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：H059

【引证文献】