英汉请求言语行为的跨文化对比研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 12:43

本文选题：请求言语行为 + 跨文化　；参考：《齐齐哈尔大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：请求言语行为和请求策略一直是语用学研究的重要课题之一，早在上世纪七十年代关于请求的研究就已经初见端倪，到了八十年代关于请求的一系列研究开始大幅度出现，但这些研究主要集中在国外，以Blum-Kulka为代表的一些学者对澳大利亚英语、希伯来语等五种语言的请求策略进行了对比研究，发现在这五种语言当中，间接请求策略是使用频率最大的一种语用策略。请求与礼貌原则是密不可分的，因此国外学者将礼貌原则应用于请求研究当中，其中比较著名的就是Leech的礼貌原则以及Brown和Levinson的面子理论，并且他们认为这些礼貌原则具有普遍性，即适用于任何文化。国内关于请求的相关研究稍晚一些，大概始于90年代，国内的研究主要是针对中英两种语言中的请求言语行为和请求策略的对比研究，在研究过程中，大量的学者发现西方的礼貌原则并不适用于中国的请求言语行为，以顾曰国为代表的中国学者提出了符合中国传统文化的礼貌原则。这些学者对请求言语行为和请求策略的研究为后人打下了坚实的基础。本文在国内外前人研究的基础上，对中英请求言语行为进行了对比研究，找出了二者在言语行为结构上和策略上的异同，，并且从文化角度对这些异同进行了解析。本文以问卷调查和访谈的形式，分别选择了五十名中美大一学生做为问卷调查的对象，在这些学生当中，男女比例各占一半。访谈的对象除了一百名大学生外还有在本市工作的英语外教以及来自英语国家的交换学生。问卷调查部分本文采用了Discourse Completion Test(DCT)即语篇补全测试法，但是稍稍进行了修改，将此方法改为开放式的问答形式，即没有上下文限制，以便让学生能够自主地回答问题。问卷调查涵盖了十二种不同的情景以及几种不同的人际关系，包括家人，朋友，陌生人，师生，上下级等。最后将问卷调查以及访谈的数据进行整理分析，得出相关结论。对这些结论从跨文化角度进行解析，找出导致中英请求言语行为异同的文化因素，并且为今后的请求研究以及英语教学提出建议。
[Abstract]:The speech act of request and the strategy of request have been one of the most important topics in pragmatics. As early as in the 1970s, the research on request has been on the horizon, and a series of studies on request have appeared in the 1980s. However, these studies mainly focus on foreign countries. Some scholars, represented by Blum-Kulka, have made a comparative study of the request strategies of five languages, such as Australian English and Hebrew, and found that among the five languages, Indirect request strategy is one of the most frequently used pragmatic strategies. The politeness principle and the politeness principle are inseparable, so the politeness principle is applied to the research of request by foreign scholars. Among them, the politeness principle of Leech and the face theory of Brown and Levinson are well known. And they think these politeness principles are universal, that is, applicable to any culture. The domestic research on request is a little later, probably started in the 1990s. The domestic research focuses on the contrastive study of the speech act of request and the strategy of request in both English and Chinese. In the course of the research, A large number of scholars have found that the western politeness principle is not applicable to the Chinese request speech act, and the Chinese scholars, represented by Gu Yueguo, have put forward the politeness principle which conforms to the traditional Chinese culture. These scholars have laid a solid foundation for future generations to study the speech act of request and the strategy of request. On the basis of previous studies at home and abroad, this paper makes a comparative study on the speech act of request between China and Britain, finds out the similarities and differences in the structure and strategy of the speech act, and analyzes these similarities and differences from the cultural point of view. In the form of questionnaires and interviews, 50 Chinese and American freshmen were chosen as the subjects of the questionnaire. Among them, the proportion of male and female was equal to half. In addition to a hundred college students, there were English teachers working in the city and exchange students from English-speaking countries. In the part of the questionnaire, the author adopts the method of text complement test, which is called "Discourse Completion Test", but it is slightly modified to change this method into an open question-and-answer format, that is, there is no contextual restriction, so that students can answer questions autonomously. The questionnaire covered 12 different situations and several different interpersonal relationships, including family, friends, strangers, teachers and students, superiors and subordinates. At last, the data of questionnaire and interview are analyzed, and the relevant conclusions are drawn. These conclusions are analyzed from the cross-cultural point of view to find out the cultural factors that lead to the similarities and differences of the speech acts of request between Chinese and English, and to provide some suggestions for the future research on requests and English teaching.
【学位授予单位】：齐齐哈尔大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H0-05

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