中国南方一至两岁半幼儿汉语声调习得的研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 12:17

本文选题：声调习得 + 一至两岁半幼儿　；参考：《湖南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：关于低幼儿童语音习得， Lenneberg(1967)提出了独立假设(IndependenceHypothesis),认为语言发展均受生理成熟条件的限制而不受成人语言与社会文化环境的任何影响；Boysson-Bardies et al.(1989)提出了早期交互假说（Hypothesis ofEarly Interaction）,坚持认为成人语言、社会文化环境是影响语言发展的关键因素，这种影响在幼儿早期语言中可以得到印证。本学位论文通过对一名以汉语为母语的长沙幼儿进行长期跟踪调查，，意在探讨汉语幼儿其声调发展是否具有普遍规律还是个体差异；研究结果支持了上述哪一种假设。全文具体探讨以下三个问题： 1)汉语幼儿何时习得声调？ 2)哪个声调最早被习得？是否阳平和上声最难掌握？ 3)汉语幼儿声调习得是独立于语言环境还是受到成人语言环境的影响？受试者是一名以汉语为母语的长沙幼儿。数据采集每月进行一次，每次持续时间为40-60分钟。语料在幼儿自然状态下录制，总计提取了2294个有效话语和1268个单音节词语。语料用严式国际音标标注。分音和标注由作者一人独立完成，由本方向研究生核对，内部信度达96.65%；后请三位汉语方向研究生再次核对，外部信度达92.5%。我截取了其一岁至两岁四个月总计14个小时话语中单独出现的或位于话语末的可识别的CV单音节的声调作为研究内容。本文采用Shi et.al（2009）将规整后的基频值转换成相应的T值的方法。在研究的基础上主要有以下发现： 1)在两岁的时候，该幼儿已经习得了四声调：阴平、阳平，去声和上声；尽管在阳平和上声的区分上偶有困难，但在语言产出中准确率较高。 2)汉语四声调中，该幼儿在一岁两个月最早习得阴平和去声，在一岁六个月掌握阳平，上声到两岁才基本被习得。她对简单调,如平调、降调和升调的偏好反映了其早期声调产出的分布特征。其中，降调习得早于升调，这可能是由于降-升顺序的音高的时长比升-降顺序的更易减小，所以感知起来更明显。但是，她在阳平和上声上出现了混淆情况，感知困难、发声器官的不成熟、音系特征的相似性及汉语声调的标记性可能是其深层原因。 3)随着幼儿与母语接触的增多，各项声调值在不同程度都向母语靠近。不管是数据上的表现，还是声学上的分析，其结果都支持了早期交互假设。该幼儿在汉语声调上的表现表明，韵律发展是普遍的发声规律与特定母语影响共同作用的结果。
[Abstract]:On primary-age children's phonetic acquisition, Lenneberg (1967) put forward the independent hypothesis that language development is restricted by physiological maturity conditions without any influence of adult language and sociocultural environment. Interaction, insisting on adult language, Social and cultural environment is the key factor affecting language development, which can be confirmed in early childhood language. Based on a long-term follow-up investigation of a native Chinese child in Changsha, this dissertation aims to explore whether Chinese children have universal or individual differences in tone development, and the results support which of the above hypotheses. The following three issues are discussed in detail: 1) when do Chinese children acquire tone? 2) which tone was first acquired? Is Yangping and Shangsheng the most difficult to master? 3) is the tone acquisition of Chinese children independent of the language environment or influenced by the adult language environment? The subject was a native Chinese child in Changsha. Data acquisition is conducted once a month, each time lasting 40-60 minutes. The data were recorded in the natural state of young children and a total of 2294 valid words and 1268 monosyllabic words were extracted. The corpus is marked with strict International phonetic Alphabet. The division and tagging was completed by the author alone, checked by the graduate student in his own direction, and the internal reliability reached 96.650.After that, three Chinese direction graduate students were asked to check again, and the external reliability reached 92.5. As part of the study, I intercepted the recognizable CV monosyllabic tones that appeared alone or at the end of a 14-hour utterance from one to two years of age and four months. In this paper, the method of converting the regular fundamental frequency value to the corresponding T value by Shi et.alcan2009) is presented. On the basis of the research, the main findings are as follows: 1) at the age of two, the child had learned four tones: Yin, Yang Ping, dissonant and upper voice; although it was sometimes difficult to distinguish Yangping from Shangsheng, the accuracy rate was higher in language production. 2) in the four tones of Chinese, the child was the first to acquire shade and dissonance in one year and two months, to master Yangping in one year and six months, and it was not until he was two years old that he was basically acquired. Her preference for simple tones, such as flat, descending and ascending tones, reflects the distributional characteristics of her early tone production. The acquisition of descending tones is earlier than that of ascending tones, which may be due to the fact that the duration of the pitch of the descending order is easier to decrease than that of the ascending and descending order, so the perception is more obvious. However, the confusion between Yangping and Shangsheng, the difficulty of perception, the immature vocal organs, the similarity of phonological characteristics and the markedness of Chinese tones may be the underlying causes. 3) with the increase of children's contact with their mother tongue, the tone values are close to their mother tongue to varying degrees. Both data performance and acoustic analysis support early interaction assumptions. The performance of the child in Chinese tone indicates that prosody development is the result of the common phonation law and the influence of specific mother tongue.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H193.1

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