现代汉语程度副词与形容词的搭配选择关系

发布时间：2018-06-19 20:20

本文选题：程度副词 + 形容词　；参考：《北京大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：程度副词和形容词间的组合是现代汉语中程度范畴表达的典型模式,同时也是形容词划类和内部成员区分的重要有形方式之一。普遍来说以“很”做为程度副词代表,能与多数形容词组合,部分状态词和区别词则因为程度性相对固化而无法与之适当搭配。从语料考察中可发现一些我们认为可以自由组合的形式,实际语感上的接受度却有差异,如：“?饭很熟”、“?时间很长久”、“?米很陈”、“?很景气”、“?很一样”等,主观评价的选择倾向,决定了程度词与形容词组配关系的动态变化。随着新程度副词的出现和组配规则的泛化调整,许多程度副词与形容词间结合的新语言现象渐渐受到学界的关注,过去熟悉的限定条件有必要重新检视,探讨其中的机制动因,解释这类个性化的组配现象。本文主要透过17个程度增强词和HSK词汇大纲形容词表间的组配情况,结合否定形式做全面性的语料考察,我们主要以语义的双向选择性原则为理论基础,从程度副词语法化程度和形容词语义分类角度探讨组配的机制。提出了“很”“太”“非常”“挺”“蛮”“超”“特”“极”“相当”“真”“十分”“好”“格外”“异常”“暴”“怪”“老”的组配能力序列。除了为凸显个人对属性程度认知的差异,而选择极高量的程度词外,一般对程度范畴肯定或否定的表达多倾向委婉含蓄。越高频使用的程度副词随着语义的磨损,组配条件越是自由。而限制条件较大的程度词,多表示与说话人内心预期的认知标准有明显的程度偏移,加上程度词本身语义的滞留,易受到语体、音节和后接形容词的语义内涵等条件的约束。部分规则泛化的组合形式则与本身程度磨损和修辞手法的运用有关,而新的程度词成员组配状况仍处浮动状态,多属于夸张的强调,使用条件较不规范。
[Abstract]:The combination of degree adverbs and adjectives is a typical mode of expression of degree category in modern Chinese, and it is also one of the important tangible ways of classifying adjectives and distinguishing their internal members. Generally speaking, the degree adverb "very" can be combined with most adjectives, while some state words and distinguishing words can not be matched properly because of the relative inflexibility of degree. From the investigation of the corpus, we can find some forms that we think we can combine freely, but the acceptance degree of the actual language sense is different, such as: "? The meal is cooked ","? It's a long time. ","? Rice is old ","? Very good ","? The choice tendency of subjective evaluation determines the dynamic change of the relationship between degree words and adjectives. With the emergence of new degree adverbs and the generalization and adjustment of the combination rules, the new linguistic phenomenon of the combination of many degree adverbs and adjectives has gradually attracted the attention of academic circles. Explain this kind of personalized matching phenomenon. Through the combination of 17 intensifier words and the adjective list of HSK vocabulary outline, combined with negative form as a comprehensive corpus, we are mainly based on the principle of semantic bidirectional selectivity. This paper discusses the mechanism of degree adverb grammaticalization and adjective semantic classification. This paper puts forward the matching ability sequence of "very", "too", "very", "quite", "super", "really", "good", "extraordinary", "unusual", "violent", "strange", "old". In order to highlight the difference of the individual's cognition of the degree of attribute and choose a very high number of degree words, the positive or negative expression of the degree category tends to be euphemism and implicature. The higher the degree adverbs used in high frequency, the freer the matching conditions are with the wear of semantics. However, the degree words with large limiting conditions have obvious degree deviation from the cognitive standard of the speaker's inner expectation, and the semantic retention of the degree words is easy to be restricted by the semantic connotations of the style, syllable and adjective. The combination form of some rules generalization is related to their own degree of wear and use of rhetorical devices, while the new degree word membership is still in a floating state, most of them belong to exaggerated emphasis, and the use conditions are not standardized.
【学位授予单位】：北京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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