关联理论视角下社会文化因素在言语交际推理机制中的作用

发布时间：2018-09-01 15:49

【摘要】：本文旨在从关联理论的视角研究社会文化因素在言语交际话语理解过程中的作用。交际话语理解的研究上溯到亚里士多德的时代，语言哲学家们沿着两条不同的思路，开辟出了言语交际对话理解的两种模式：代码模式，认为言语理解的过程即编码和解码的过程；推理模式，认为言语的理解是一个推理过程，必须有非语言信息因素的参与。人们所交流的并非总是等同于他们所说的，语言字面意义之和与交际内容之间总存在偏差，这一事实证明言语交际过程中的话语理解绝不简单地等同于语言符号的编解码，，而是一个更为复杂的理解推理过程。本文以Dan Sperber和Deirdre Wilson建立的关联理论为理论基础，目的在于研究社会文化因素在此理论所提出的言语理解推理机制中的角色作用。关联理论延续了言语交际的语用学研究传统。与其前言语行为理论学者所提出的规范性交际模式不同，关联理论乃是基于关联原则这一解释性原则。他们以明示推理重新定义人类的言语交际，并赋予说话者两个基本意图——信息意图和交际意图，他们认为言语交际的成功在于听话者利用其所拥有的所有信息通过推理成功识别这两种意图，在这一推理过程中，关联原则不仅决定了信息的选取和语境的构成，并且决定了推理过程中的信息处理过程。但是关联理论两位学者的认知语言观和理论研究方法引起了许多批评，认为其理论缺乏社会文化维度。本文的重点则在于分析关联理论下言语交际会话含义理解过程中的社会文化因素的参与的作用。借助于从《红楼梦》中选取的丰富的人物对话实例分析，本文旨在阐明Dan Sperber和Deirdre Wilson所建立的关联理论本身蕴含了社会文化因素的考量，并且能够有力地解释社会文化因素在言语理解推理机制中参与的特点、过程及产生的影响。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to study the role of sociocultural factors in the process of utterance comprehension from the perspective of relevance theory. The study of communicative discourse understanding dates back to the time of Aristotle, when language philosophers developed two modes of understanding of verbal communication: code mode, along two different lines of thinking. The author holds that the process of speech comprehension is the process of coding and decoding, and the inference mode is that the comprehension of speech is a process of reasoning, and that there must be the participation of non-linguistic information factors. The fact that what people communicate is not always the same as what they say, and there is always a deviation between the sum of the literal meaning of language and the content of communication, which proves that the understanding of discourse in the process of verbal communication is not simply equivalent to the codec of language symbols. It is a more complex process of understanding and reasoning. Based on the relevance theory established by Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson, the purpose of this paper is to study the role of sociocultural factors in the inference mechanism of speech comprehension proposed by the theory. Relevance theory continues the pragmatic tradition of verbal communication. The relevance theory is based on the explanatory principle of relevance principle, which is different from the normative communication model proposed by the former speech act theorists. They redefine human verbal communication with ostensive-inferential reasoning and give the speaker two basic intents-information intention and communicative intention. They believe that the success of verbal communication lies in the hearer using all the information he has to successfully identify the two intentions through inference. In this reasoning process, the principle of relevance not only determines the selection of information and the composition of context. It also determines the process of information processing in the process of reasoning. However, the cognitive language views and theoretical research methods of relevance theory have aroused much criticism, and their theories lack social and cultural dimensions. The focus of this paper is to analyze the role of sociocultural factors in the comprehension of conversational implicature in verbal communication under relevance theory. With the help of the rich examples of character dialogue selected from A Dream of Red Mansions, this paper aims to clarify that the relevance theory established by Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson contains the consideration of social and cultural factors. And it can explain the characteristics, process and influence of sociocultural factors in the inference mechanism of speech comprehension.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H030

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