认知语境对隐喻理解的影响研究

发布时间：2018-09-13 06:06

【摘要】：作为一种语言现象,隐喻普遍存在于我们的生活之中,形成我们的概念系统,在人类的思维和认知活动中发挥着重要的作用。在隐喻的研究中,隐喻理解是重要的一个部分,而隐喻的理解离不开语境的参与。本文在评述前人对隐喻研究的基础上,运用斯珀伯和威尔森关联理论中认知语境的理论来研究认知语境在隐喻理解过程中的作用。传统的语境观把一切语境因素归纳为具体的语境,并认为语境在交际行为发生之前已经给定了,是一种静态的语境观。关联理论突破了传统的语境观,把语境看成是一个心理结构体,交际者通过经验或思维把相关的具体语境内在化、认知化,即形成认知语境。根据关联理论,隐喻的理解过程是听话者根据相关原则,以最小的加工努力在自己的认知语境中选择出最具语境效应的假设,以此来推导出说话者隐含的信息意图,也就是说隐喻的理解过程实际是认知语境的选择过程。本文首先对隐喻的研究作了简要的回顾,进而展现了关联理论在阐释隐喻方面的独特视角。在理论框架的部分,论文重点论述了关联理论的隐喻观。认知语境与隐喻理解的研究部分则详细探讨了认知语境的构成要素和主要特征及隐喻理解的机制。本文重点分析了认知语境对隐喻理解的影响,其中把认知语境分为语言知识、情景知识、背景知识、文化知识和认知能力五个部分。在语言知识的介绍中,论文分析并阐释了如何运用其中的词汇知识和语篇知识来理解隐喻。关于情景知识,本文主要分析了场景和话题对于隐喻理解的影响。背景知识,特别是专业知识,在科技隐喻中起的关键作用在文中也被详细阐释。文化知识部分主要阐述了时代特征、动物形象、宗教影响三个方面对隐喻理解的作用。认知能力虽然不能直接参与认知语境的选择,但它直接影响了人类认知语境的构成,因此在隐喻理解过程中起到了很重要的作用。结合实例,论文分别分析了认知语境各个构成要素对隐喻理解的影响。通过认知语境对隐喻理解影响的分析,本文还得到了在阅读教学中提高文化感知和辨识能力的启示。本文以关联理论为框架,结合丰富的实例,通过认知语境各个要素对于隐喻理解的影响研究,旨在说明认知语境的选择过程决定了隐喻的理解过程,同时认知语境的感知程度决定了隐喻的理解程度。认知语境有助于隐喻研究的深化,可以使我们更好的了解交际者之间是如何表达和理解隐喻的,同时论文也进一步验证了关联理论强大的解释力。
[Abstract]:As a linguistic phenomenon metaphor generally exists in our lives and forms our conceptual system which plays an important role in human thinking and cognitive activities. In the study of metaphor, the understanding of metaphor is an important part, and the understanding of metaphor can not be separated from the participation of context. On the basis of a review of previous studies on metaphor, this paper uses the cognitive context theory in Sperber's and Wilson's relevance Theory to study the role of cognitive context in the process of metaphorical understanding. The traditional view of context classifies all contextual factors into concrete context and holds that context is a static context view given before the occurrence of communicative behavior. Relevance theory breaks through the traditional view of context, regards context as a psychological structure, and communicators internalize and cognize the specific context through experience or thinking, that is, to form a cognitive context. According to relevance theory, the process of understanding metaphor is that the hearer, in accordance with the relevant principles, makes a minimum effort to select the hypothesis with the most contextual effect in his cognitive context, so as to deduce the implied information intention of the speaker. That is to say, the process of understanding metaphor is actually the process of choosing cognitive context. This paper first reviews the study of metaphor and then reveals the unique perspective of relevance theory in the interpretation of metaphor. In the theoretical framework, the thesis focuses on the metaphorical view of relevance theory. In the part of cognitive context and metaphorical understanding, the elements and main features of cognitive context and the mechanism of metaphorical understanding are discussed in detail. This paper focuses on the impact of cognitive context on metaphorical understanding. The cognitive context is divided into five parts: language knowledge, situational knowledge, background knowledge, cultural knowledge and cognitive ability. In the introduction of linguistic knowledge, the thesis analyzes and explains how to use the lexical knowledge and textual knowledge to understand metaphor. As for situational knowledge, this paper mainly analyzes the influence of scene and topic on metaphor understanding. Background knowledge, especially professional knowledge, plays a key role in science and technology metaphor. In the part of cultural knowledge, the author expounds the influence of times, animal image and religion on metaphor understanding. Cognitive ability can not directly participate in the choice of cognitive context, but it directly affects the formation of human cognitive context, so it plays an important role in the process of metaphor understanding. Combined with examples, the paper analyzes the influence of cognitive context on metaphor understanding. Through the analysis of the influence of cognitive context on metaphorical understanding, this paper also gets the enlightenment of improving cultural perception and identification ability in reading teaching. Based on the theory of relevance and the abundant examples, this paper aims to explain that the process of cognitive context determines the process of metaphorical understanding through the study of the influence of each element of cognitive context on metaphorical understanding. At the same time, the perception of cognitive context determines the understanding of metaphor. Cognitive context is helpful to the study of metaphor, which can help us to better understand how metaphors express and understand metaphor among communicators. Meanwhile, the thesis further verifies the powerful explanatory power of relevance theory.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H05

【参考文献】