基于语料库的附加疑问句的英汉对比研究
发布时间：2018-09-12 21:21
【摘要】：通常意义上的附加疑问句，是在由一个陈述句和一个疑问句为语言材料所组成的话语中产出的。附加疑问句的语义功能是在把一个探询的言语行为“嫁接”到一个陈述的言语行为的运动中产生和发展起来的。 无论在英语或者是在汉语中，附加疑问句都是由“陈述部分”+“疑问部分”构成的。疑问部分附加（tag）在陈述部分之上。在英语里，根据附加的疑问部分，我们把附加疑问句分为两类：缩略的疑问句形式和原型疑问句形式。第一类由一个陈述句和一个比较整齐的、缩略的疑问句组成。第二类由一个陈述句和一个原型疑问句组成。所谓“原型”是说这些附加的疑问部分不受其前陈述部分人称、时态等语法规则的限制或约束，用一个在现实话语中常常独立使用的结构形式来表达，可以是一个小品词、短语、词组或句子等。而在汉语中，附加部分与主句部分的语法关联并不如英语一般强烈，但基本结构大体上是一致的。 从历时的角度来看，英语附加疑问句结构形式最早出现在16到17世纪期间，由陈述和疑问两部分组成（Visser）。其中，疑问部分是将动词或助动词移到主语之前构成的（Salmon）。而在附加疑问句的构成上，一些学者（Stockwellet al）认为，英语附加疑问句是由两个并列句派生而来的。另一些学者（Klima,Ogawa, Huddleston）认为，英语附加疑问句的底层结构是由一个简单句按照名词抄写、增加not和WH后置等规则生成的。而在中国，对于附加疑问句的研究则相对较少，多数集中于文学研究上，其中有吕叔湘、邵敬敏、徐盛桓、Niu Baoyi等，而研究点主要集中在特殊的句型、语义及语用特点上。 本文试图从下面的框架展开： 首先是论文的导言部分。作者对本研究的基本问题作以简要介绍，内容包括：研究背景、研究问题及研究动力。第二章是有关附加疑问句的理论溯源，目的是为本研究进行理论铺垫。第三章进一步介绍了中英文附加疑问句的特点，即从句型、语义及语用功能上分别论述。第四章则是介绍了本文的研究方法，主要是通过内省加实证的方法，，结合自建语料库进行对比分析。针对附加疑问句在口语中的使用较多，考虑到语料的新颖度，并结合作者本人的兴趣，作者选取了近来风靡全球的Harry Potter系列从书，其中对话多，并且为现代英语，通俗易懂。而中文作品作者则选择了时下火热的《盗墓笔记》系统丛书，基于时代与字数等考量。第五章的重点内容是基于自建语料库，对研究问题进行详细的论述。其中英文语料库为《哈利波特》系列丛书前五部小说中的所有附加疑问句及变体，中文语料库为《盗墓笔记》系列丛书中的前七部中的所有附加疑问句及变体，并在两个语料库中选取有代表性的部分句子进行例证，同时将以文字和图表的形式呈现研究结果，并加以分析说明。第六部分是论文的结论部分。作者首先对研究结果进行简要的总结，接着就本研究提出的问题作以结论，最后讨论了本研究对语言研究的理论价值，在社会活动中的实践意义及对翻译工作的启示；最后指出本研究在理论上和实践上的局限性，并提出今后的研究在广度和深度上进一步努力的方向。
[Abstract]:Generally speaking, tag questions are produced in a discourse consisting of a declarative sentence and an interrogative sentence. The semantic function of tag questions arises and develops in the movement of "grafting" an inquiring speech act into a declarative speech act.
Whether in English or in Chinese, additional questions are made up of "declarative part"+ "interrogative part". The tag is above the declarative part. In English, according to the additional interrogative part, we divide additional questions into two types: abbreviated interrogative form and prototype interrogative form. The second category consists of a declarative sentence and a prototype question. The so-called "prototype" means that these additional questions are not restricted or restricted by the grammatical rules of the person, tense and so on, and are constructed in a structure that is often used independently in real discourse. In Chinese, the grammatical relation between the adjunct part and the main sentence part is not as strong as that in English, but the basic structure is basically the same.
From a diachronic point of view, English tag questions first appeared in the 16th to 17th centuries and consisted of two parts: declarative and interrogative (Visser). Other scholars (Klima, Ogawa, Huddleston) believe that the underlying structure of English tag questions is formed by a simple sentence transcribed according to nouns, adding not and WH postpositions. In China, the study of tag questions is relatively less, mostly concentrated on literature. There are Lu Shuxiang, Shao Jingmin, Xu Shenghuan, Niu Baoyi and so on. The research focuses mainly on the special sentence patterns, semantics and pragmatic characteristics.
This article attempts to expand from the following framework:
Chapter 2 is the theoretical tracing of additional questions, aiming at paving the way for the study. Chapter 3 further introduces the characteristics of Chinese and English additional questions, i.e. clauses. Chapter Four introduces the research methods of this paper, mainly through introspection and empirical research, and makes a comparative analysis with self-built corpus. Harry Potter's books, which are popular all over the world, have many dialogues and are popular in modern English. The author of Chinese works has chosen the current hot "Tomb Robbery Notes" series, based on the consideration of time and number of words. The Chinese corpus is composed of all the additional questions and variants in the first five novels of the Harry Potter series. The Chinese corpus is composed of all the additional questions and variants in the first seven books of the Harry Potter series. The sixth part is the conclusion of the thesis. The author first makes a brief summary of the research results, then draws a conclusion on the problems raised in the study, and finally discusses the theoretical value of the study, its practical significance in social activities and its implications for translation work. The limitations in theory and practice are studied, and the direction of further research in breadth and depth is proposed.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H314;H146
本文编号：2240248
[Abstract]:Generally speaking, tag questions are produced in a discourse consisting of a declarative sentence and an interrogative sentence. The semantic function of tag questions arises and develops in the movement of "grafting" an inquiring speech act into a declarative speech act.
Whether in English or in Chinese, additional questions are made up of "declarative part"+ "interrogative part". The tag is above the declarative part. In English, according to the additional interrogative part, we divide additional questions into two types: abbreviated interrogative form and prototype interrogative form. The second category consists of a declarative sentence and a prototype question. The so-called "prototype" means that these additional questions are not restricted or restricted by the grammatical rules of the person, tense and so on, and are constructed in a structure that is often used independently in real discourse. In Chinese, the grammatical relation between the adjunct part and the main sentence part is not as strong as that in English, but the basic structure is basically the same.
From a diachronic point of view, English tag questions first appeared in the 16th to 17th centuries and consisted of two parts: declarative and interrogative (Visser). Other scholars (Klima, Ogawa, Huddleston) believe that the underlying structure of English tag questions is formed by a simple sentence transcribed according to nouns, adding not and WH postpositions. In China, the study of tag questions is relatively less, mostly concentrated on literature. There are Lu Shuxiang, Shao Jingmin, Xu Shenghuan, Niu Baoyi and so on. The research focuses mainly on the special sentence patterns, semantics and pragmatic characteristics.
This article attempts to expand from the following framework:
Chapter 2 is the theoretical tracing of additional questions, aiming at paving the way for the study. Chapter 3 further introduces the characteristics of Chinese and English additional questions, i.e. clauses. Chapter Four introduces the research methods of this paper, mainly through introspection and empirical research, and makes a comparative analysis with self-built corpus. Harry Potter's books, which are popular all over the world, have many dialogues and are popular in modern English. The author of Chinese works has chosen the current hot "Tomb Robbery Notes" series, based on the consideration of time and number of words. The Chinese corpus is composed of all the additional questions and variants in the first five novels of the Harry Potter series. The Chinese corpus is composed of all the additional questions and variants in the first seven books of the Harry Potter series. The sixth part is the conclusion of the thesis. The author first makes a brief summary of the research results, then draws a conclusion on the problems raised in the study, and finally discusses the theoretical value of the study, its practical significance in social activities and its implications for translation work. The limitations in theory and practice are studied, and the direction of further research in breadth and depth is proposed.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H314;H146
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