汉语偏正复句句序变异研究

发布时间：2018-09-13 10:46

【摘要】：近年来汉语复句句序研究呈现视角和方法多样化趋势,进展迅速成绩喜人。受此启发和激励,本文以语用学、语体学、篇章语言学、认知语言学等新兴学科的有关理论为指导,充分利用语料库提供的优裕条件,注意发挥具有高度实证性的统计方法的作用,对现代汉语偏正复句的句序变异,进行全面、深入、细致的考察和探析,力图从句法、语义、语用、认知等层面揭示其句序变异规律。全文由九章组成。第一章为绪论,鸟瞰式地回顾汉语偏正复句句序研究概貌,对本文研究对象和研究目标、语料来源和选择处理、理论依托和方法运用给予适当交待,以及对本文基本结构给予必要说明。第二至第八章为正文。第二章对本文基础性概念,包括偏正复句的界定和分类、形合偏正复句与意合偏正复句、常规句序与变异句序等,给予必要交待；同时对为什么选择黄伯荣、廖序东(2007)的复句分类系统和程祥徽(2002)的语体系统,给予必要解释。第三至第七章,按因果复句、假设复句、条件复句、转折复句、目的复句的次第,在概略回顾以往专项研究情况以及简要说明本文专项研究所涉概念之后,对现代汉语偏正复句的句序变异,进行了全方位、深层次、细致入微的考察和探析。第八章为综论,以前五章分类考察为基础,对造成汉语偏正复句语句变异的主要动因和内外条件,加以归纳和抽象,揭示其中的普遍规律。第九章为结语,概述偏正复句句序变异研究的学术意义和实用意义,指出它除了对于汉语复句的理论研究具有促进和深化作用外,同时对于文章写作、外文翻译以及语言教学等实践活动,亦具有重要指导价值。该章并对缺憾之处以及今后打算作了说明。本文研究主要表现出以下四个特点：一是充分利用语料库——本文研究始终是以语料库为基础,除了充分利用了北大中文系提供的综合语料库(CCL),同时还充分利用了笔者个人创设的分体(语体)语料库。二是注意考察对象的语体分布——鉴于言语通过语体表现而语体影响语用,本文对所有用例的考察,都是始终与语体分布相联系。三是坚持以数据说明问题——本文关于常规句序与变异句序的鉴别,关于不同句序变异频率的考察,关于句序动因和条件的探析,等等,均以统计数据为支柱。四是重视理论价值向实践价值的转化——本文探索有助于深化汉语复句研究。而本文没有停留于此,通过考察有关结论在文章写作、外文翻译以及语言教学等领域的利用,努力做到“知”与“行”的统一。在全面考察和深入探析的基础上,本文得出以下研究结论： 1.汉语书面语中的因果复句通常表现为前偏后正,而汉语口语中则通常表现为前正后偏。 2.汉语偏正复句的句序受到多方面因素的影响,前后照应、语意突出、陌生追求、急不择语、外文直译,等等,乃是造成句序变异的主要原因。 3.对于汉语偏正复句句序表现来说,结构形式、语用预设、语体分布等,亦不无影响。 4.汉语偏正复句不同类型的句序变异频率有高有低,由低到高可以归纳为如下连续统：假设复句转折复句条件复句因果复句目的复句。 5.汉语偏正复句的句序变异直接受到语体影响,以文字为媒介的语体,由低到高可以归纳为如下连续统：法律语体新闻语体科学语体政治语体艺术语体日常交际语体。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the study of sentence order of Chinese complex sentences has shown a trend of diversification in perspectives and methods, and has made rapid progress. Inspired by this, this paper, guided by the theories of pragmatics, stylistics, text linguistics, cognitive linguistics and other emerging disciplines, makes full use of the favorable conditions provided by the corpus and pays attention to giving full play to the highly empirical unity. The function of the calculating method is to make a comprehensive, thorough and detailed investigation and analysis of the sentence order variation of the partial positive complex sentences in modern Chinese, trying to reveal the law of sentence order variation from the syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and cognitive levels.
The full text is composed of nine chapters.
The first chapter is the introduction, which reviews the general situation of the research on the sentence order of Chinese partial-orthodox complex sentences from a bird's-eye view. It gives a proper explanation of the research object, the research objective, the source and selection of the corpus, the theoretical support and the application of the methods, and the basic structure of this paper.
Chapter 2 to Chapter 8 are the main body of this paper. Chapter 2 gives necessary explanations on the basic concepts of this paper, including the definition and classification of partial positive complex sentences, hypotaxis partial positive complex sentences and parataxis partial positive complex sentences, conventional sentence order and variant sentence order, etc. Chapters 3 to 7, according to the order of causal complex sentences, hypothetical complex sentences, conditional complex sentences, transitional complex sentences and target complex sentences, make a comprehensive, deep and detailed study of the variation of sentence order in modern Chinese after a brief review of previous studies and a brief description of the concepts involved in this study. Chapter 8 is an overview. Based on the previous five chapters, this paper summarizes and abstracts the main motivations and internal and external conditions that cause the variations of the sentences in Chinese partial-orthodox complex sentences, and reveals the universal laws.
Chapter 9 is a concluding remark, which summarizes the academic and practical significance of the study on the variation of the sentence order of partial positive complex sentences, and points out that it not only promotes and deepens the theoretical study of Chinese complex sentences, but also has important guiding value for the practical activities such as article writing, foreign language translation and language teaching. The plan is explained later.
This paper mainly shows the following four characteristics: first, make full use of the corpus - this study is always based on the corpus, in addition to making full use of the comprehensive corpus (CCL) provided by the Chinese Department of Peking University, but also make full use of the author's own separate (stylistic) corpus. In view of the fact that speech influences pragmatics through its stylistic expression, this paper examines all use cases in a way that is always related to stylistic distribution. Fourthly, we should attach importance to the transformation from theoretical value to practical value, which is helpful to deepen the study of Chinese complex sentences.
On the basis of thorough investigation and thorough analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn:
1. Causal complex sentences in written Chinese are usually anterior and posterior, while in spoken Chinese they are usually anterior and posterior.
2. The sentence order of Chinese partial-regular complex sentences is influenced by many factors, such as antecedent and posterior reference, prominent semantics, strange pursuit, impatience in choosing words, literal translation of foreign languages, and so on.
3. The structure, pragmatic presupposition and stylistic distribution of Chinese partial-positive complex sentences also have an impact on their sentence order.
4. The frequency of sentence order variation of different types of Chinese partial-positive complex sentences is high or low. From low to high, it can be concluded as the following continuum: the complex sentences with the supposition that the complex sentences turn into the complex sentences with the conditional complex sentences and the cause-effect complex sentences.
5. The variation of the sentence order of Chinese partial-regular complex sentence is directly influenced by the style. The style of writing as a medium can be summarized as the following continuum: legal style news style science style political style art style daily communicative style.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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