假设复句行、知、言三域研究

发布时间：2018-10-12 06:28

【摘要】：本文运用认知语言学理论重点考察假设复句在行、知、言三域中的分布，结合语法、语用、语义相关理论，，探索划分假设复句三域的显性及隐性标准。需要特别指出的是，支持“知域中理解的假设复句”的理论，有一些是建立在言域理论基础之上的，因此笔者在架构文章的时候将二者的顺序进行了调整。考虑到学界谈到三者时通常以行、知、言为序，我们在论文题目中仍采用学界通行提法。第一章依据以往对三域的界定，对行域义进行了基本的阐释。一般认为行域义是语言单位的基本义，我们根据利奇七种意义划分的理论，为假设复句找到了两条基本的理性意义，即虚拟性和因果关系。并通过大量例句的考察与分析找出了行域中理解的假设复句具备的基本特征：假设条件在前，推论结果在后；有真假之分，适从方向是句子适从现实；结论具有可实现性；语里关系是单纯的因果关系。言域义和知域义都是从行域义中引申出来的，因此必然既与行域义存在相似性也存在着差异。循着这样思路，我们从假设复句的三个组成要素出发，考察这两个概念域中的假设复句存在着哪些特殊性。例如，假设复句内部的前后分句在行域中理解时，表达的是一种假设推论的因果关系，而在知域、言域中是否有所改变；前分句作为主句实现的条件是否永远具有出现和不出现两种性质；与之类似的主句的结论是否会一直以前分句为条件等。这是我们在第二、三章中要解决的问题。通过论证，我们发现言域中理解的假设复句多数情况下具有特殊的语用效果，以“如果说”引导的假设复句为例，这类假设复句的特殊语用功能表现在首先由于这种句式可以容纳对比、比喻等修辞手法，因而使句子产生特殊的效果；其次“说”的传信义使句子具有一定的主观性，为结论做一定的保留。从语里关系的角度切入研究知域中理解的假设复句，这类句子也存在着特殊的作用和效果，以反事实假设复句为例，它往往会融入说话人强烈的主观情感，将该条件视为唯一条件进行强调。能愿动词与假设复句共现的频率很高，在判断假设复句的概念域分布中也起着重要的作用，可以认为是假设复句的显性标准。我们运用马庆株先生关于能愿动词的研究理论，考察不同类别能愿动词在假设复句三域中的分布情况。当然，三域的界限并不是截然分明的，总是存在着一些交叉的情况，以往的学者也认识到了这一点，并做了相关说明。假设复句的三域也存在着类似的交叉现象，在最后一章，我们对这些情况做了整理工作。
[Abstract]:This paper focuses on the distribution of hypothetical complex sentences in the three domains of practice, knowledge and speech, combining with the theories of grammar, pragmatics and semantics, and explores the explicit and implicit criteria for dividing the three domains of hypothetical complex sentences. It should be pointed out in particular that some of the theories supporting the hypothesis of complex sentences in the knowledge domain are based on the theory of the domain, so the author adjusts the order of the two in the framework of the article. In view of the fact that the academic circles usually follow the order of action, knowledge and speech, we still adopt the current formulation in the subject of the thesis. The first chapter explains the meaning of line domain according to the definition of three fields in the past. It is generally believed that line domain meaning is the basic meaning of language unit. According to Leech's theory of seven meanings, we find two basic rational meanings for hypothetical complex sentence, namely fictitious and causality. Through the investigation and analysis of a large number of examples, this paper finds out the basic characteristics of the hypothetical complex sentence in the line domain: supposing condition is before, inferential result is after, there is truth and falsehood, suitable direction is sentence adaptation to reality, conclusion is realizable. The relationship between language and language is a simple causality. The lexical domain meaning and the known domain meaning are both derived from the line domain meaning, so there must be similarities and differences between the word domain meaning and the line domain meaning. Following this approach, we examine the particularities of the hypothetical complex sentences in the two conceptual domains from the three constituent elements of the hypothetical complex sentences. For example, if the preceding and rear clauses in the complex sentence are understood in the line domain, what is expressed is the causality of the hypothetical inference, while in the knowledge domain, whether the word domain has changed or not; Whether the condition of the realization of the preceding clause as the main sentence has two properties of appearance and non-appearance forever, and whether the conclusion of the similar main sentence will always be the condition of the former clause, etc. This is the problem that we want to solve in the second and third chapters. Through the argumentation, we find that hypothetical complex sentences understood in the speech domain have special pragmatic effects in most cases, taking the hypothetical complex sentences under the guidance of "if said" as an example. The special pragmatic functions of this kind of hypothetical complex sentences are as follows: firstly, this kind of sentence structure can accommodate the rhetorical devices such as contrast, metaphor and so on, thus making the sentence produce special effects; secondly, the "saying" conveys the meaning of the sentence to a certain degree of subjectivity. Make certain reservations to the conclusion. From the perspective of linguistic relations, the study of hypothetical complex sentences understood in the domain of knowledge also has special functions and effects. Taking counterfactual hypothetical complex sentences as an example, they often incorporate the strong subjective feelings of the speaker. Emphasize the condition as the only condition. The frequency of co-occurrence between willing verbs and hypothetical complex sentences is very high and plays an important role in judging the distribution of the conceptual domain of hypothetical complex sentences. It can be considered as the dominant criterion of hypothetical complex sentences. In this paper, we study the distribution of different types of capacitive verbs in the three domains of hypothetical complex sentences by using the theory of Ma Qingzhuo's research on the verb of can wish. Of course, the boundaries of the three domains are not clear, there are always some cross-situations, previous scholars have also recognized this point, and made a related explanation. In the last chapter, we collate the three fields of complex sentences.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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