从模糊语言学的角度审视委婉语的语用模糊

发布时间：2018-10-12 08:32

【摘要】：人类交流方式的创新使得人际交往日益频繁。语言作为交流的媒介，传递着信息，抒发着情怀。人们通常认为语言表达应该简约明了，这样才能进行有效地沟通与交流。而含糊其辞，模棱两可会影响交流的通畅性，甚至传递含糊不清甚至错误的信息。然而，在真正的人际交往中，人们却惊讶的发现模糊现象极为常见，不仅没有影响到交流的通畅性，相反会达到出人意料的美满效果，尤其是具有模糊特性的委婉语。委婉语是用曲折委婉的方法来表达说话者所思所想的一种特殊表达方式和语言符号，是人类所有语言中的一个特殊语言现象，是人们社交中为追求理想的交际效果而创造的一种独特的语言交流方式，是交际的一种手段，但更是一种语言艺术，是含蓄的体现。委婉语的重要特征是运用比较抽象、模棱两可的概念，使谈话的双方能够采取一种比较间接的方式来谈论不宜直接说的事，因此模糊性是委婉语的首要特征。 1965年美国加利福尼亚控制论专家查德（L. A. Zedeh）在《信息与控制》（Information and Control）杂志上发表了论文《模糊集》（Fuzzy Sets）,提出了著名的模糊理论，这使得模糊一词成为世人瞩目的时尚。一时间，与模糊相关的概念成为科技乃至日常生活的主流：模糊数学、模糊语法、模糊控制等等一系列人们耳熟能详的新生代词汇；同时模糊理论也为语言科学提供了新的研究途径——模糊语言学，标志着科学思想方法同语言研究相结合的划时代变革。模糊语言学是模糊集合论同现代语言学相结合而产生的一门新学科，它运用模糊集合论与现代语言学的基本原理来分析语言的模糊性。人类语言在多个层次及多个方面上都存在一些与模糊性有关的问题，而模糊语言学力求用模糊集合论对之进行比较科学的和充分的解释.语音、语义、词汇、句法、语用以及与之紧密联系的一些方面都是模糊语言学的研究内容。模糊语言学的研究对象十分宽泛,这不仅开拓了语言学的研究领域，而且加深了模糊语言学自身的研究内容；一方面,可以从不同角度、不同层面运用模糊集合论来研究语言的模糊性,另一方面,模糊语言学也提供了将模糊集合论与语言学各个分支相结合的机会。我们既可以用模糊集合论来研究语言的模糊性，又可以单独针对语言的某一种特殊模糊性来探讨模糊集合论的应用方法。可以说，模糊语言学研究内容的深度决定了其研究方法的多样化。因此，本文力图从模糊语言的认知角度出发，对委婉语的本质——模糊性来进行诠释，提出模糊委婉语的概念，并对其产生及在社会交往中的语用模糊功能进行分析，从而证实模糊相对于精确更具有美感。本文由导论、正文和结论三个部分构成。主要内容如下：第一部分是导论。导论部分简述了委婉语以及模糊语言学国内外研究状况，指出对于委婉语的模糊认知的意义，以及交际中委婉语语用模糊的重要意义。第二部分是正文，由三个章节组成：第一章是文件综述。文件综述分成两部分内容，第一部分主要介绍了不同专家、学者或者著名书刊、字典中给出的委婉语的起源以及相关定义，分析了委婉语的特点、产生动机以及委婉语变化所遵循的两大规则：格式定律和更新定律。第二部分从模糊语言学的定义展开，着重讲述模糊限定语、含糊性和模糊的联系和区别。同时，对不同时代，不同专家对于模糊一词的理解差异加以分析比较。从而得出结论，委婉语的模糊性隶属于何种模糊范畴，并得出模糊委婉语的概念。第二章推论出模糊委婉语的模糊途径及原因，并对比一般委婉语的成因指出其独特性。传统意义上有五种构成方法：借词法，词义扩大法，隐喻转换法，，语义转换法和声音畸变法。在此基础上得出更为细致的模糊委婉语的构成方法，比如：省略法，否定法，替代法，同义词等方法。第三章也是文章的最后一章，对委婉语的语用模糊功能进行分析。模糊语言的使用是委婉语的特殊表现形式，并为其增加了委婉表现力，在人际交往中起着润滑的作用；而另一方面，用于委婉语的模糊性常会造成含糊不清甚至误解。因此过多的使用模糊委婉语时常会引起语义歧义使听者茫然不知所云，造成交流不畅。尽管如此，模糊委婉语在跨文化交际和人际交往中所体现出来的形象美，情感美和含蓄美依然是其语用的精髓。第三部分是结论。该部分总结了委婉语和模糊语言学之间相关性的问题，并试图找寻一种新的方式来诠释委婉语的生成及委婉语的语用模糊，本文找出了一些新途径，但也发现了在材料收集上的不足，并对以后的学习者提出建议。
[Abstract]:The innovation of human communication mode makes interpersonal communication more and more frequent. As the medium of communication, the language conveys the information and expresses his feelings. People usually think language expression should be simple and clear so that effective communication and communication can be carried out. The ambiguity, however, may affect the patency of the communication and even convey vague and even erroneous information. However, in real communication, people are surprised to find that the fuzzy phenomenon is very common, not only does not affect the patency of the communication, but can achieve the unexpected happiness effect, especially the euphemism with fuzzy characteristics. Euphemism is a kind of special expression and language symbol to express the speaker's thought by way of tortuous euphemism. It is a special language phenomenon in all human languages. It is a unique language communication created by people to pursue the ideal communicative effect. It's a means of communication, but it's a language art. It's implicit. The important feature of euphemism is to use a relatively abstract and ambiguous concept, so that both sides of the conversation can adopt a relatively indirect way to talk about inappropriate things, so the fuzziness is the prime of euphemism. In 1965, Richard (L. A. Zedeh), a cybernetics expert in California, published his thesis in the journal Information and Control. Fuzzy Sets> (Fuzzy Sets) was published, and a famous fuzzy theory was put forward, which made the fuzzy word become the world. The concept of fuzzy related concept has become the mainstream of science and technology and daily life: fuzzy mathematics, fuzzy syntax, fuzzy control and so on; meanwhile, the fuzzy theory also provides a new way of research for language science. Fuzzy linguistics, which marks the combination of scientific thought method and language research. The epoch-making change. Fuzzy linguistics is a new subject produced by the combination of fuzzy set theory and modern linguistics. It uses the theory of fuzzy set theory and modern linguistics to analyze the language. There are some problems related to fuzziness in human language in many levels and aspects, and fuzzy linguistics tries to compare it with fuzzy set theory. Language, semantics, vocabulary, syntax, pragmatics, and some aspects that are closely related to it are fuzzy linguistics. The research content of fuzzy linguistics is very broad, which not only opens up the research field of linguistics, but also deepens the research content of fuzzy linguistics. On the one hand, fuzzy set theory can be applied to study the language from different angles and different levels. The fuzziness, on the other hand, also provides the fuzzy set theory and linguistics. We can use the fuzzy set theory to study the fuzziness of the language, and can also discuss the ambiguity with a special fuzziness of the language separately. The application method of the set theory. It can be said that the depth of the research content of the fuzzy linguistics has been decided Therefore, this paper tries to explain the nature _ ambiguity of euphemism from the cognitive perspective of fuzzy language, put forward the concept of fuzzy euphemism, and analyze its pragmatic fuzzy function in social interaction, thus confirming the model. Paste is more aesthetic than precision. This article is made of Introduction, text, and knots On three parts. The main contents are as follows: The first part is the introduction. The introduction part briefly describes the euphemism and the research status at home and abroad, and points out the significance of fuzzy cognition of euphemism. As well as the importance of ambiguity in euphemism in communication Meaning. Part II The text is composed of three chapters: the first chapter is the document review. The document review is divided into two parts. The first part mainly introduces the origin of euphemism and the definition of euphemism given by different experts, scholars or famous books and periodicals and dictionaries, and analyzes the euphemism. characteristics, motivation, and The two big rules followed by the change of euphemisms: the law of the format and the law of renewal. The second part expands from the definition of fuzzy linguistics. This paper focuses on the relation and difference between fuzzy definition language, ambiguity and ambiguity. At the same time, it is not the same time On the other hand, different experts analyze the differences in the understanding of the fuzzy one word and draw the conclusion that the model of euphemism In the second chapter, fuzzy euphemism is deduced. The fuzzy approaches and causes of euphemism are pointed out and their uniqueness is pointed out. Lexical, word-meaning enlargement, metaphor conversion, semantic conversion and sound distortion. The construction method, such as omission method, negative method, substitution method, synonym, etc. The third chapter is the final chapter of the article, which analyses the pragmatic fuzzy function of euphemism. The use of fuzzy language is the special expression of euphemism and adds euphemism to it. To use; on the other hand, the ambiguity of a euphemism often causes ambiguity or even misunderstanding. Therefore, too many uses are used Verbal euphemism often causes semantic ambiguity to confuse the listener with the cloud. However, the fuzzy euphemism is cross-cultural communication and interpersonal communication. It's reflected in the communication. The third part is the conclusion. This part summarizes the correlation between euphemism and fuzzy linguistics, and tries to find a new way to explain the formation of euphemism and euphemism. In this paper, we find out the pragmatic ambiguity of the language.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H030

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