神经心理学视角下的口译工作记忆的实证研究

发布时间：2018-12-15 23:08

【摘要】：口译是一种特殊的语言间信息传递活动，凸显出明显的即时性和即席性特点；口译员必须一次性地听取原语信息，借助笔记，经过执行原语信息听辨、信息意义的表征与理解、信息暂时储存、译语组计划于组织、译语信息表达等一系列的加工活动，最终完成信息传递活动。这样对口译员的语言信息保持与重叠进行的加工任务能力造成了巨大压力。因此，以具有短时记忆特征的工作记忆为代表的记忆能力是顺利完成口译活动的关键认知素质，而由此开展的口译记忆研究使得我们更科学地理解口译过程中记忆要素的性质和特点。由于口译环境的不确定性、自身语言能力和心理素质、原语的难易程度等因素，或多或少的影响到口译员的现场发挥和表现；而多年的口译记忆研究里理论多涉及认知心理学，很少或基本没有涉及到神经心理学。由此本文通过一系列实证实验，包括外语听解能力测试、工作记忆协调性测试、无压与重压下口译活动表现对比测试，把实验对象根据外语听解能力测试结果分为三组，研究证实：(1).语言听解能力越强和越弱，外部环境因素和心理因素对于口译效果的影响越小(2).外语听解能力越强，，口译实践经验越丰富，工作记忆协调性越强(3).口译活动有助于提高工作记忆能力(4).对于提高工作记忆能力，口译记忆训练不一定总有效果，而其他专业的口译技能对此有效果等等。研究结果均利用SPSS统计软件进行数据分析得出，具有科学性。另通过关于工作记忆与口译及其过程中的若干影响因素的调查问卷的设计、发放和回收数据，了解现今非英语专业人士、口译学员与专业口译员对于此主题的不同理解，从神经心理学的理论角度结合实验结果分析，浅探口译过程中改善心理素质的若干建议，具有实践指导意义。本文结合神经心理学理论与口译记忆研究，浅析从神经心理学角度研究影响口译中工作记忆的因素，理论结合实践，为今后的口译理论研究和实践提供了新思路。
[Abstract]:Interpreting is a special communication activity between languages, which highlights the characteristics of immediacy and improvisation. The interpreter must listen to the source language information at one time, with the help of notes, through performing a series of processing activities such as listening to the original language information, representation and understanding of the meaning of the information, temporary storage of the information, organization of the target language group, and the expression of the information in the target language. The final completion of the information transfer activities. This puts great pressure on the interpreter's ability to maintain and overlap the language information. Therefore, working memory, which is characterized by short-term memory, is the key cognitive quality for the successful completion of interpreting activities. Therefore, the study of interpreting memory enables us to understand more scientifically the nature and characteristics of memory elements in interpreting. Due to the uncertainty of interpretation environment, the language ability and psychological quality of the interpreter, and the difficulty of the source language, it has more or less influence on the interpreter's performance on the spot. Many years of research on interpreting memory involve cognitive psychology, but little or no neuropsychology. Therefore, through a series of empirical experiments, including the foreign language listening comprehension test, the working memory coordination test, and the comparative test of interpretation activity performance under no pressure and pressure, the subjects are divided into three groups according to the results of the foreign language listening comprehension test. The results show that: (1). The stronger and weaker the listening comprehension, the less the influence of external environment and psychological factors on interpreting effect (2). The stronger the foreign language listening and comprehension ability, the richer the practical experience of interpreting and the better coordination of working memory (3). Interpretation activities contribute to the improvement of working memory (4). To improve the ability of working memory, the training of interpreting memory is not always effective, but other professional interpreting skills have effect on it and so on. The research results are all scientific by using SPSS statistical software for data analysis. In addition, through the design, distribution and recovery of the questionnaire on working memory and interpretation and some influential factors in the process, we can understand the different understanding of this topic between non-English professionals, interpreters and professional interpreters. Based on the theory of neuropsychology and the analysis of experimental results, some suggestions on how to improve psychological quality in the process of interpretation are discussed, which is of practical significance. Based on the theory of neuropsychology and the study of interpreting memory, this paper analyzes the factors that affect working memory in interpreting from the perspective of neuropsychology. The combination of theory and practice provides a new way of thinking for the study of interpretation theory and practice in the future.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H059

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