汉泰疑问代词“什么”与“？”的非疑问用法对比研究

发布时间：2018-12-16 02:56

【摘要】：汉语“什么”与泰语“(？)”在各自语言系统中都是最基本，同时也是最具代表性的疑问代词。和其他疑问代词一样，“表示疑问”是“什么”与“(？)”的基本用法，此外，它们还具有多种非疑问用法。虽然“什么”与“(？)”在非疑问用法上具有一些相似之处，但也存在着不少差异，尤其是句法上的差异，，给两种语言的学习者带来了一定的困扰。因此，对“什么”与“(？)”的非疑问用法进行对比研究具有一定的现实意义。文章以对比语言学、语法学、语用学的相关理论为指导，并结合汉、泰语的相关研究成果，分别从分类、句法、语用等方面对“什么”与“(？)”的非疑问用法进行共时的对比研究。通过一系列对比分析，发现“什么”与“(？)”各有七类非疑问用法，其中“承指用法”是“什么”特有的非疑问用法，而“特殊用法”则是“(？)”特有的非疑问用法，其余的六类用法是“什么”与“(？)”都存在的用法，它们分别是：任指用法、虚指用法、例指用法、借指用法、否定用法以及独用性。在句法方面，两者的差别比较大，具体表现在语序以及词语之间的搭配上，总而言之，“什么”在非疑问用法中的句式更丰富。在语用方面，“什么”与“(？)”都可以用于陈述句、疑问句以及感叹句中，但“什么”还可以用于祈使句中，“(？)”却不可以；“什么”与“(？)”在各自的非疑问用法中都能表达“否定语气”、“委婉语气”以及“惊讶语气”。最后结合“什么”与“(？)”在各类非疑问用法中的句法差异，探讨了中泰学生在互学“什么”与“(？)”时应着重注意的问题，并提出一些有针对性的教学建议。
[Abstract]:Chinese "what" and Thai "(?)" In their own language systems are the most basic, but also the most representative interrogative pronouns. Like other interrogative pronouns, "express doubt" is "what" and "(?)" In addition, they also have a variety of non-doubt uses. Although "what" and "(?)" There are some similarities in non-interrogative usage, but there are also many differences, especially in syntax, which brings some difficulties to the learners of both languages. So, for "what" and "(?)" It is of practical significance to make a contrastive study of non-interrogative usage. Guided by the relevant theories of contrastive linguistics, grammar and pragmatics, and combining with the relevant research results in Chinese and Thai, this paper discusses "what" and "(?)" from the aspects of classification, syntax, pragmatics and so on. The synchronic and contrastive study of non-interrogative usage is carried out. Through a series of comparative analysis, we find "what" and "(?)" There are seven kinds of non-interrogative usages, of which "adjoint usages" are unique to "what" and "special usages" are "(?)" Unique non-interrogative usage, with the remaining six types of usage being "what" and "(?)" They are the usage of any finger, the use of virtual finger, the use of example finger, the usage of borrow finger, the usage of negation and the use of exclusivity. In syntax, the difference between the two is quite big, which is manifested in the word order and the collocation of words. In a word, the "what" is more abundant in the non-interrogative usage. In pragmatics, "what" and "(?)" Can be used in declarative, interrogative and exclamatory sentences, but "what" can also be used in imperative sentences, "(?)" But not; "what" and "(?)" They can express negative tone, euphemism tone and surprise tone in their own non-interrogative usage. Finally, combining "what" with "(?)" This paper discusses the syntactic differences between Chinese and Thai students in learning "what" and "(?)" from each other. At the same time, we should pay attention to the problems, and put forward some targeted teaching suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：广西民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146;H412

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