《景德传灯录》疑问句研究

发布时间：2018-12-22 08:13

【摘要】：本文以句法、语义、语用三个平面的语法观为指导,充分借鉴和吸收现代汉语疑问句研究的成果,力图对《景德传灯录》中的疑问句作系统、全面、深入地考察,以此构建一个科学、严密的疑问句系统,对《传灯录》疑问句研究专题起到抛砖引玉的作用。全文分为六章。第一章绪论。简要说明了《传灯录》的概况、语言研究现状、本文的研究意义和方法,确定了疑问句分类的标准和角度。本文采用张斌的分类方法,将《传灯录》中的疑问句先从语用功能的角度按疑问程度分为询问句、测度句、反诘句三大类；再根据疑问句的结构形式把询问句细分为特指问句、正反问句、是非问句和选择问句四类,并探讨其语义。由此将句法、语义、语用有机地结合在一起。第二章至第四章全面考察了《传灯录》中的疑问句。经整理分析得出：《传灯录》中的疑问句用例和句型都十分丰富,共8655例,可分为询问句、测度句、反诘句三大类。它们在书中的分布很不均,其中询问句7363例,占85.1%；测度句72例,占0.8%；反诘句1220例,占14.1%。疑问句的结构形式上既有继承也有发展创新。例如：在特指询问句中,疑问代词及其复合形式丰富,来源层次不同,不仅有上古及中古汉语流传下来的“何”、“谁”等,还有近代汉语新兴的“什么”、“作么”等；在正反询问句中,相较《祖堂集》,《传灯录》中的“VP不VP?”已经有所发展,比如出现了“VO不V?”式,且VP的形式也更多样。第五章考察了特殊疑问句之设问句。《传灯录》中的设问句由特指问和是非问句构成,其问句与答语之间成针对性解释关系。第六章探讨了疑问句的语用功能。询问句的语用功能主要是询问,表达问话人心中的疑点。但由于《传灯录》题材的特殊性,其询问句还具有回避、启示等功能。反诘问句的语用功能较丰富,可表达困惑、申辩、责怪、反驳、催促和提醒六种意义。测度问句的功能主要是求得对话人证实。
[Abstract]:Guided by the grammatical views of syntax, semantics and pragmatics, this paper fully draws lessons from and absorbs the research achievements of modern Chinese interrogative sentences, and tries to make a systematic, comprehensive and in-depth investigation of the interrogative sentences in Jingde Zhuan Lights. Thus, a scientific and strict system of interrogative sentences is constructed, which plays an important role in the research of interrogative sentences. The full text is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is introduction. In this paper, the general situation, the present situation of language research, the significance and methods of this study, and the criteria and angles of classification of interrogative sentences are briefly described. This paper uses Zhang Bin's classification method to classify the interrogative sentences from the perspective of pragmatic function into three categories: interrogative sentences, measure sentences and rhetorical sentences. According to the structure of the interrogative sentence, the interrogative sentence is subdivided into four categories: the specific question, the positive question, the right question and the choice question, and the semantics of the interrogative sentence is discussed. Therefore, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic are combined organically. The second to fourth chapters comprehensively investigate the interrogative sentences in Biography. It is concluded that the interrogative sentences and sentence patterns are very abundant, 8655 cases in all, which can be divided into three categories: interrogative sentence, measure sentence and rhetorical sentence. They are unevenly distributed in the book, including 7363 interrogative sentences (85.1%), 72 measure sentences (0.8%) and 1220 rhetorical sentences (14.1%). There are inheritance and innovation in the structure of interrogative sentence. For example, in special interrogative sentences, interrogative pronouns and their complex forms are rich, and the sources are different. There are not only "he" and "who" handed down in ancient and middle Chinese, but also the new "what" and "do Mo" in modern Chinese. In positive and negative interrogations, "VP is not VP?" in "Zu Tang Ji". There have been developments, such as "VO not V?" And the form of VP is also more diverse. The fifth chapter examines the question sentences of special questions, which are composed of specific question and right question, and the relation between the question and the answer is targeted. Chapter six discusses the pragmatic functions of interrogative sentences. The pragmatic function of interrogative sentences is to ask questions and express their doubts. However, because of the particularity of the subject matter, the interrogative sentence has the functions of evading and enlightening. Rhetorical questions have rich pragmatic functions, which can express six meanings: puzzlement, defense, blame, refutation, urging and reminding. The main function of measurement question is to obtain confirmation from the interlocutor.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H141

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