汉语“把”字句“被”字句构式研究

发布时间：2019-05-12 15:49

【摘要】：现代汉语“把”字句和“被”字句是非常重要的两种句式，是语法研究的重点，研究成果很多，也很全面，包括各句式内部构成成分的研究以及各构成成分之间关系的研究，也包括两种句式的转换研究以及与其他特殊句式的关系的研究。可是对一些关键性的问题人们还存在着很大的分歧。例如对“把”和“被”词性的界定，对两种句式及句式义的不同阐释等等。此外，随着语言研究的不断深入，发现了一些新问题。比如，人们试图解释句式的产生动因、生成机制以及生成能力等问题；试图说明句式和句式内部成分在构建句式义的过程中是如何发挥作用的等问题；如何建立合理的汉语句式系统，能否对其进行统一的解释等问题。认知语言学理论对这些问题具有较高的解释力和概括性，可以从句式本体之外对上述问题做出一些解释，而这种解释能够与其本体研究形成互补，促进对汉语句式的认识的深化。本文试图运用认知语言学的构式语法理论对汉语的“把”字句和“被”字句进行分析，探讨本体研究无法解决的问题，希望能对两句式有进一步的认识。在意象图式分析的基础上，分析两句式的意象图式，进而探讨两句式产生的动因；通过对两句式构式互动的研究，进一步理解构式与构式成分在构建构式义过程中的作用，认识两句式的生成能力问题。期望能通过两种句式的构式比较研究，能对汉语句式系统的认识有所深化。基于以上考虑，文章大体分为六个部分：第一章绪论部分简单交代现代汉语“把”字句和“被”字句的研究概况和不足，在此基础上说明本课题的研究意义和方法等。第二章讨论了构式与构式语法理论的相关理论问题，，最后得出两句式都是一种构式，并探求“把”字句和“被”字句研究的契合点，为后面章节的研究打好基础。第三章是“把”字句和“被”字句的意象图式分析和产生动因，既然都是构式，我们可以对其进行意象图式分析，在意象图式分析的基础上，找到两句式的相似点并说明两种句式产生的动因。第四章着重探讨句式义的产生及其与构式成分之间的互动性，包括两种句式与各自构成成分的互动性研究，探讨句式义的来源，并寻求两种句式义的不同点，进一步说明构式与构式成分之间的关系。第五章着重说明“把”字句和“被”字句的生成机制问题，探讨各自生成的机制问题，从生成机制的角度说明两种句式的区别和联系，帮助我们更好地理解两种特殊的句式。最后，对全文作了回顾和总结，指出了理论建树和研究困惑，并对研究前景做了预期和展望。
[Abstract]:Modern Chinese "Ba" sentence and "by" sentence are two very important sentence patterns, which are the focus of grammar research, and there are many and comprehensive research results, including the study of the internal components of each sentence pattern and the study of the relationship between the components. It also includes the study of the transformation of the two sentence patterns and the relationship between the two sentence patterns and other special sentence patterns. However, there are still great differences on some key issues. For example, the definition of the part of speech of "Ba" and "by", the different interpretation of the two sentence patterns and the meaning of the sentence pattern, and so on. In addition, with the deepening of language research, some new problems have been found. For example, people try to explain the motivation, generation mechanism and generation ability of sentence pattern, and try to explain how the inner components of sentence pattern play a role in the process of constructing sentence meaning. How to establish a reasonable Chinese sentence pattern system and whether it can be interpreted in a unified way. Cognitive linguistics theory has a high explanatory power and generality to these problems, and can make some explanations from outside the sentence ontology, and this explanation can complement its ontology research. Promote the deepening of the understanding of Chinese sentence patterns. This paper attempts to use the constructional grammar theory of cognitive linguistics to analyze the Chinese "Ba" sentence and "be" sentence, to explore the problems that can not be solved in the study of ontology, and to have a further understanding of the two sentences. On the basis of image schema analysis, this paper analyzes the image schema of two sentences, and then probes into the motivation of the emergence of two sentences. Through the study of the interaction of two-sentence construction, this paper further understands the role of construction and construction components in the process of constructing construction meaning, and understands the generation ability of two-sentence form. It is expected that through the comparative study of the construction of the two sentence patterns, the understanding of the Chinese sentence pattern system can be deepened. Based on the above considerations, the article is divided into six parts: the first chapter briefly explains the research situation and shortcomings of "Ba" sentence and "by" sentence in modern Chinese, and explains the significance and method of this topic on this basis. The second chapter discusses the related theoretical problems of construction and construction grammar theory, and finally concludes that the two sentences are a kind of construction, and explores the coincidence point of the study of "put" sentence and "be" sentence, so as to lay a good foundation for the study of the following chapters. The third chapter is the image schema analysis and motivation of "put" sentence and "be" sentence. Since they are all constructs, we can carry on the image schema analysis to them, on the basis of the image schema analysis, Find out the similarities between the two sentence patterns and explain the motivation of the two sentence patterns. The fourth chapter focuses on the generation of sentence pattern meaning and the interaction between the two sentence patterns and the construction components, including the study of the interaction between the two sentence patterns and their respective components, discusses the source of sentence pattern meaning, and seeks for the differences between the two kinds of sentence pattern meaning. The relationship between construction and composition is further explained. The fifth chapter focuses on the generation mechanism of "Ba" sentence and "be" sentence, discusses the mechanism of their generation, explains the differences and relations between the two sentence patterns from the perspective of generation mechanism, and helps us to better understand the two special sentence patterns. Finally, the full text is reviewed and summarized, the theoretical achievements and research puzzles are pointed out, and the research prospects are expected and prospected.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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