山地城市湖、库污染成因分析及防治对策研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 10:07

本文关键词：山地城市湖、库污染成因分析及防治对策研究　出处：《西南交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文选取重庆市的双龙湖和五一水库作为研究对象,在对双龙湖和五一水库的水文及污染状况进行现场调查的基础上,分析了双龙湖和五一水库污染物的来源及分布状况；以重庆市环境监测中心提供的双龙湖和五一水库的12项监测数据作为评价因子,以V类景观水体作为目标要求,采用单因子指数评价法、综合水质标识指数法和综合营养状态指数法相结合的方式对双龙湖和五一水库的水质进行了分析和评估,得出了双龙湖和五一水库的主要超标污染物,及其超出目标要求的倍数,并通过水环境容量估算确定了双龙湖和五一水库主要污染物的目标削减量。具体如下：(1)五一水库主要污染物为总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、化学需氧量(CODcr)和氨氮(NH3-N)。其中内源释放的污染物负荷对其贡献率分别为为61.5%、77.1%、66.0%、42.94%,生活点源污染对TN、TP、CODCr、NH3-N的负荷贡献率分别为17.6%、13.9%、14.86%、32.52%,地表径流和农业面源污染对其贡献率分别为20.9%、9.0%、19.14%、24.54%；五一水库的水环境质量呈现向劣V类转变的趋势,整体恶化程度严重。水库的水环境质量在2011年、2012年富营养化综合评价为中度富营养化状态；在2013年,为重度富营养化状态,富营养化污染物呈现上升趋势,应引起足够重视。根据湖库的治理目标计算得出,NH3-N仍余部分环境容量,可以容纳未来一定污染物输入,TN、TP、CODcr达到V类景观水体标准的目标要求削减量分别为2.52 (t/a)、0.324(t/a)、 5.59 (t/a)。(2)双龙湖主要污染物是TN、TP和CODCr。其中,内源释放的污染负荷对其贡献率分别为6.93%、10.7%、37.2%,生活点源污染对TN、TP和CODcr的负荷贡献率分别为71.46%、85.7%、46.6%,地表径流和农业面源污染对其贡献率分别为21.61%、3.6%、16.2%；湖水水质已由2011年的轻度富营养化转为2013年的中度富营养化,综合水质标识指数在2012年高达6.421,属于劣V类但不黑臭,尤其是TP含量超标已达1.25倍,“水华”风险较高,根据湖库的治理目标计算得出,TN、CODcr仍余部分环境容量,可以容纳未来一定污染物输入,TP目标削减量为0.002t/a。最后,结合双龙湖和五一水库的实际情况,提出湖、库的治理从外源(点源、面源)和内源两方面进行,具体为湖、库周围增建管网,雨污彻底分流,清除库周围生活垃圾；采用雨水截污渗滤沟、植草沟、生态拦截带对初期雨水进行净化；库周围菜地改为生态绿地；建设生态隔离带和生态亲水廊道；清除水面藻类、水白菜等富营养化植物,增加水体溶氧量；定期清淤及补充清洁水源；在湖库浅水湾区域构建浅水生态系统；增加人工复氧及活水系统；进行生物操纵技术。论文的研究为山地城市湖库污染防治提供了技术依据。
[Abstract]:In this paper, Shuangyong Lake and Wuyi Reservoir in Chongqing were selected as the research object, and the hydrological and pollution status of Shuangyong Lake and Wuyi Reservoir were investigated on the basis of field investigation. The source and distribution of pollutants in Shuangyong Lake and Wuyi Reservoir are analyzed. Taking 12 monitoring data from Shuanglong Lake and Wuyi Reservoir provided by Chongqing Environmental Monitoring Center as evaluation factors, and taking V landscape water as target requirements, single factor index evaluation method was adopted. The water quality of Shuanglong Lake and Wuyi Reservoir was analyzed and evaluated by the combination of comprehensive water quality identification index method and comprehensive nutrition state index method, and the main pollutants in Shuanglong Lake and Wuyi reservoir were obtained. The reduction of the main pollutants in Shuangyong Lake and Wuyi Reservoir is determined by estimating the water environmental capacity. The main pollutants in the Wuyi Reservoir are as follows: 1) the total nitrogen (TNN) is the main pollutant in the Wuyi Reservoir. Total phosphorus (TPN), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH _ 3-N _ 3) contribute 61.5% to the endogenous pollutant load, respectively. 42.94 the contribution rate of point source pollution to the load of TNT TPN CODCrN is 17.6% and 13.9%, 14.8610% and 32.52%, respectively. The contribution rates of surface runoff and agricultural non-point source pollution to them were 20.90.9.0and 19.14and 24.54, respectively. The water environment quality of Wuyi Reservoir changed to bad V, and the whole deterioration was serious. The comprehensive evaluation of eutrophication in 2011 and 2012 was medium eutrophication. In 2013, for the serious eutrophication, the eutrophication pollutant showed an increasing trend, which should be paid enough attention to. According to the control target of lake and reservoir, the residual environmental capacity of NH3-N was calculated. In order to meet the requirements of class V landscape water standards, the reduction requirements for future pollutant input can be 2.52 t / a 0.324 t / a, respectively. The main pollutants in Shuangyong Lake are TNT TP and CODCr.The contribution rate of pollution load from internal sources to them is 6.93% and 10.7% respectively. 37.2 the contribution rate of daily point source pollution to TNT TP and CODcr was 71.46% and 46.6% respectively. The contribution rates of surface runoff and agricultural non-point source pollution to them were 21.61and 3.60.16.2respectively. The water quality of the lake has changed from mild eutrophication in 2011 to moderate eutrophication in 2013. The comprehensive index of water quality is 6.421 in 2012, which belongs to class V but does not smell black. Especially, the TP content has exceeded the standard by 1.25 times, and Shui Hua has a high risk. According to the target of lake and reservoir management, the environmental capacity of TNC CODcr is still in part. The target reduction amount of TP can be 0.002t / a. Finally, combined with the actual situation of Shuanglong Lake and Wuyi Reservoir, the paper puts forward the management of lake and reservoir from exogenous (point source). Non-point source) and the two aspects of the source, specifically for lakes, reservoirs around the construction of additional pipe networks, rain pollution thoroughly distributes, cleaning up the living garbage around the reservoir; The initial Rain Water was purified by Rain Water sewage filtration ditch, grass trench planting and ecological interception zone. The vegetable land around the reservoir was changed into ecological green space; Construction of ecological isolation zone and ecological hydrophilic corridor; Remove water algae, water cabbage and other eutrophication plants, increase water dissolved oxygen; Regular desilting and replenishing clean water; Constructing rehydration ecosystem in the area of lake and reservoir repulse bay; Increase artificial reoxygenation and active water system; The research of this paper provides a technical basis for the prevention and control of lake and reservoir pollution in mountainous cities.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X524

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