石家庄城市景观格局对灰霾效应的影响研究

发布时间：2018-01-23 11:57

本文关键词： 城市景观格局灰霾效应幅度变化统一网格取样　出处：《南京师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：霾是大量极细微的干尘粒等均匀地浮游在空中,使水平能见度小于10.0 km空气普遍混浊的天气现象。由灰霾天气引发的环境效应问题,已经引起科学界、政府部门和社会公众的广泛关注。城市景观格局的生态过程具有大气环境效应,城市景观格局通过影响大气环境的物质交换和能量流动的生态过程,影响了城市大气污染物的组成、分布等特征。通过景观格局与灰霾污染物关系的研究,可以为有效地进行城市景观格局的优化从而减轻城市大气污染提供重要参考依据。石家庄市是河北省最大的工业基地,城市景观格局中工业、商业、交通、居住等用地日益增多,城市绿地系统日渐消亡的现状也加重了城市的霾污染。以石家庄市为例进行城市景观格局对灰霾污染的影响研究,是促进石家庄城市景观格局优化,减轻城区污染的有效途径。本文借助遥感和地理信息系统技术手段,首先对石家庄城市景观现状进行调查,得到石家庄城区景观类型图；其次,通过对石家庄空气质量评价监测点位污染物数据的空间插值,获得石家庄城区污染物分布的连续面状数据；然后,利用景观指数的统一网格取样法与污染物浓度的插值分区统计方法,获得不同尺度下景观指数和污染物浓度的特征值；最后,通过相关分析,探讨不同空间尺度下景观格局同灰霾污染的关系,并有针对性地提出石家庄城市景观格局的优化措施。研究结果表明：(1)在市域尺度上,灰霾污染物的组成和分布受到城市中大气污染源的影响。但通过优化城市景观的组分和布局确实具有改变灰霾分布,减轻灰霾污染的效果。(2)在微观尺度上,各斑块类型水平格局对污染物的影响机理较为复杂。单一尺度上,在灰霾污染物的削减效应方面,减小工矿用地、交通用地和建设用地景观面积并提高这三种景观斑块破碎度以及增加耕草地、水域景观面积可达到减少污染物浓度的效果。景观类型面积比例与景观破碎度所产生的灰霾效应随景观尺度的增加而更加显著,斑块形状复杂性特征的灰霾效应一般在小尺度景观内产生,而斑块连接性的灰霾效应则多存在于较大景观尺度。(3)整体景观水平格局的灰霾效应及其随尺度变化趋势存在一致性,即景观格局的斑块密度指数(PD)、香农多样性指数(SHDI)与4种污染物浓度呈显著负相关且随尺度增加显著性增强。平均斑块面积指数(PA)与4种污染物浓度呈显著正相关,但显著性随尺度增大而减弱。蔓延度指数(CONTAG)与4种污染物浓度呈显著正相关且随尺度增加显著性增强。最大斑块指数(LPI)和斑块形状指数(SHAPE)仅在尺度边长为500 m时4种污染物浓度呈显著相关,其中最大斑块指数(LPI)与污染物浓度呈正相关,斑块形状指数(SHAPE)与污染物浓度呈负相关。(4)增加区域景观多样性并均衡各类型景观的面积比例是减轻区域灰霾效应的核心手段。(5)针对石家庄城区现实状况,可采用“中心小幅度调整,外围大幅度优化”的策略来优化石家庄市景观格局,减缓城市灰霾污染。本研究为景观格局与生态过程间耦合关系的多尺度研究提供了一种切实可行的研究方法,证实了不同空间尺度下景观格局同灰霾现象的内在关系,可以为灰霾的防治提供一定的理论依据。
[Abstract]:Haze is a large amount of dry dust particles evenly suspended in the air extremely subtle, so that the level of visibility is less than 10 km air generally turbid weather phenomenon. The environmental effect problems caused by haze, has caused the scientific community, government departments and the public attention. The ecological process of city landscape pattern with the atmospheric environment effect. City landscape pattern by influencing the ecological process of the exchange of material and energy flow of the atmospheric environment, affect the composition of air pollutant in city, distribution. Through the study of the relationship between landscape pattern and haze of pollutants, can provide an important reference for the optimization of city landscape pattern effectively so as to reduce air pollution in city of Shijiazhuang city Hebei province. The largest industrial base, industrial and commercial city landscape, traffic, residential land is increasing, city green space system gradually disappeared situation Also increased the city haze pollution. A case study in Shijiazhuang city landscape pattern of haze pollution, is to promote Shijiazhuang city landscape pattern optimization, effective way to reduce urban pollution. With the help of remote sensing and geographic information system technology, first carries on the investigation to the Shijiazhuang city landscape situation, Shijiazhuang city landscape type map secondly, through spatial interpolation; evaluation of Shijiazhuang air quality monitoring sites of pollutant data, continuous area data distribution of pollutants in Shijiazhuang city; then, using statistical methods of uniform grid partition interpolation sampling method and pollutant concentration of landscape index, landscape index and pollutant concentration characteristics of different scales; finally, through correlation analysis, explore the relationship with the haze pollution of landscape pattern in different spatial scales, and puts forward some stone Jia Zhuang City landscape pattern optimization measures. The results show that: (1) in the city scale, the composition and distribution of haze pollutants affected by air pollution in the city. But the composition and layout optimization of city landscape has changed the distribution of haze, reduce haze pollution (2) in effect. The micro scale, the mechanism of each patch type level pattern of the impact of pollutants is complex. The single scale, in the haze of pollutant reduction effect, reduce the mining land, traffic land and construction land area and improve the three kinds of landscape patch fragmentation and increase the cultivated grassland, water area can be reduced the concentration of pollutants. The effect of landscape type area and the proportion of landscape fragmentation caused by haze effect increased with the increase of the landscape scale is more significant, the haze effect of patch shape complexity characteristics in small scale In the landscape, while the haze effect is present in the patch connectivity. The larger landscape scale (3) haze effect the overall landscape level and with the scale change trend is consistent, namely the landscape patch density index (PD), Shannon diversity index (SHDI) and 4 kinds of pollutant concentrations were negatively correlated and with increasing of the scale increased significantly. The average patch area index (PA) was positively correlated with the concentration of 4 kinds of pollutants, but significantly weakened with increasing scale. The contagion index (CONTAG) showed a significant positive correlation and significant increase with increasing of the scale and 4 kinds of pollutant concentration. The largest patch index (LPI) and the patch shape index (SHAPE) only in scale length of 500 m 4 concentration was significantly correlated with the largest patch index (LPI) associated with the pollutant concentration positively, patch shape index (SHAPE) was negatively correlated with the concentration of pollutants (4). Increase the area ratio of the area of landscape diversity and balance the various types of landscape is the core means to reduce the regional haze effect. (5) according to the reality of Shijiazhuang City, the "center periphery small adjustment, greatly optimizing strategies to optimize the landscape pattern in Shijiazhuang City, reduce haze pollution. This research provides a a feasible method for the study of multi-scale coupling relationship between landscape pattern and ecological process, confirmed the relationship between landscape pattern with haze under different spatial scales, can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of haze.

【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU984.1;X513

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