青海湖自然保护区湿地景观变化研究

发布时间：2018-02-21 11:32

本文关键词： 青海湖自然保护区遥感地理信息系统景观格局景观指数　出处：《青海师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：湿地资源作为一种重要的自然资源,它的变化和可持续利用十分重要。利用遥感技术监测湿地成为越来越重要的手段,可以解决一些湿地研究中的科学问题,如湿地景观信息、湿地类型信息、湿地变化特征等。本研究选取青海湖自然保护区为研究对象,利用Landsat数据对湿地类型分类,从而研究整个保护区内湿地的景观变化情况。研究的主要工作如下:①湿地类型的提取首先建立了研究区内湿地分类系统:湖泊湿地、河流湿地、草本沼泽、以及湖滨滩涂四类。采用野外实地调查与室内解译相结合的方法。室内解译采用非监督分类、人工目视解译和实地考察相结合的方法。先利用ERDAS9.2非监督分类提取湖泊、河流等,再对图像进行聚、滤除、平滑等处理。在此基础上与野外观测点进行对比,通过目视解译来解译遥感影像。将解译好的图像导入ArcGIS10.1进行图像矢量化,最终得到研究区景观图像并计算各斑块的面积。解译精度均达到80%以上。②研究区景观格局演变的分析首先通过动态度以及转移矩阵分析研究区景观时间与空间变化特征,其次分别从斑块级别、斑块类型级别、景观级别筛选出了斑块密度、景观分割度、最大斑块指数等十个指标,从景观水平和景观类型水平对研究区景观斑块进行分析。本文主要结论有:(1)保护区内湿地面积增加,土地利用信息熵呈下降的趋势,青海湖自然保护区土地利用系统朝着有序的方向发展。(2)2002-2014年保护区湿地类型大部分地区没有发生转移;但在鸟岛、布哈河口、沙柳河、沙岛、二郎剑、黑马河处湿地类型转换较为明显。(3)保护区内湿地景观的破碎化程度在降低;优势斑块的面积在增加,斑块的形状复杂程度降低。(4)保护区草地与其他土地利用类型之间的物质能量转换较活跃;沙地与湿地之间的物质能量交换的活跃程度相对较低;湖泊湿地与草本沼泽和湖滨滩涂之间有能量的转换,而与河流湿地之间只有转入没有转出。
[Abstract]:Wetland resources, as an important natural resource, its change and sustainable utilization are very important. It is becoming more and more important to use remote sensing technology to monitor wetlands, which can solve some scientific problems in wetland research, such as wetland landscape information. This study selected Qinghai Lake Nature Reserve as the research object, using Landsat data to classify the wetland types. The main work of the study is as follows: firstly, the wetland classification system in the study area is established: Lake wetland, river wetland, herbaceous marsh, And four types of lakeshore beach. The methods of combining field investigation with indoor interpretation, unsupervised classification of indoor interpretation, artificial visual interpretation and field investigation are adopted. First, lakes and rivers are extracted by using ERDAS9.2 unsupervised classification. Then the images are processed by clustering, filtering, smoothing and so on. On this basis, the images are compared with the field observation points, and the remote sensing images are interpreted by visual interpretation. The interpreted images are imported into ArcGIS10.1 for image vectorization. Finally, the landscape image of the study area was obtained and the area of each patch was calculated. The interpretation accuracy was more than 80%. 2 the analysis of landscape pattern evolution in the study area was carried out. Firstly, the characteristics of landscape time and space change in the study area were analyzed by dynamic attitude and transfer matrix. Secondly, ten indexes, such as patch density, landscape segmentation, maximum patch index and so on, were screened out from patch level, patch type level and landscape level, respectively. The landscape patches in the study area were analyzed from landscape level and landscape type level. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: the wetland area increases and the information entropy of land use decreases in the protection area. The land use system of Qinghai Lake Nature Reserve developed in an orderly direction. The wetland types of the reserve did not shift from 2002 to 2014, but in Bird Island, Buha Estuary, Shaliu River, Shadao Island, Erlang Jian, The wetland landscape fragmentation in Haima River is decreasing, and the area of dominant patches is increasing. The shape complexity of patches is reduced. 4) the conversion of material and energy between grassland and other land use types is active, while the activity of material and energy exchange between sandy land and wetland is relatively low. There is energy conversion between lake wetland and herbaceous marsh and lakeside tidal flat, but only between lake wetland and river wetland.
【学位授予单位】：青海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P901

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