新疆额尔齐斯河流域下游斑布蚋发生规律及孳生地景观因子分析

发布时间：2018-03-03 12:55

本文选题：斑布蚋　切入点：发生规律　出处：《西北农林科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：斑布蚋Simulium(Byssodon)maculatum(Meigen,1804)是世界性分布的医学昆虫的一个重要昆虫,它可以传播多种疾病,对居民生活造成许多困扰,被认为是新疆额尔齐斯河流域的主要害虫。本文主要研究了新疆额尔齐斯河流域下游地区斑布蚋的越冬地点和虫态,三种捕虫方法对斑布蚋成虫的捕虫效果,种群昼夜消长规律,年生活史及种群季节消长规律,及幼虫孳生地景观因子关键要素分析。其主要结果如下:1.斑布蚋在新疆额尔齐斯河流域下游185团地区以幼虫在河渠污泥中越冬,于翌年4月陆续转移至杂草枝叶背面。2.三种捕虫方法对斑布蚋的捕虫效果:185团地区三种捕虫方法对蚋虫的捕捉效果差异显著,网捕法的捕虫效果最好,人帐法次之,灯诱法最差。3.斑布蚋种群昼夜消长动态:185团地区斑布蚋在3种不同生境中昼夜消长密度有所差异,林区密度最高,农田和荒漠区密度较。其消长曲线24小时变化规律相似,日出时至日落后1小时是其主要活动时间。4.斑布蚋年生活史种群季节消长动态:185团地区斑布蚋成虫不易区分代数,除越冬代成虫发生量大且集中外,其后各世代重叠严重。6月上旬至7月中旬为第一代成虫发生期,7月上旬至8月下旬为第二代成虫发生期,10月上旬气温大幅度下降,幼虫开始越冬。5.孳生地景观因子关键要素分析:通过对新疆额尔齐斯河流域下游斑布蚋孳生地调查,该虫在额河下游地区均有分布,尤以185团地区危害严重,对当地居民的正常生活造成了困扰。斑布蚋在185团地区孳生地多集中在在高海拔地区的流速较大、溶氧量高、偏碱性河渠中。斑布蚋在额河流域下游其他地区对孳生地的要求与185团略有不同,除流速、溶氧量和pH值要素外,对河渠深度和水流温度也有要求。本研究表明斑布蚋在额河流域下游其他地区偏好河渠较浅、水流温度较低的孳生地。同时本研究利用关键景观因子建立185团孳生地虫源数量预测方程,取得了理想效果。
[Abstract]:Simulium Byssodon maculatum Meigenn (1804) is an important insect of medical insects in the world. It can spread many diseases and cause many troubles to the people's life. It is considered to be the main pest in Erqis River basin of Xinjiang. This paper mainly studies the overwintering location and insect pattern of blackflies in the lower reaches of Erqis River basin in Xinjiang, and the effect of three kinds of insect catching methods on adult blackflies in Xinjiang. The law of population growth and fluctuation, the annual life cycle and the seasonal growth and decline of the population, The main results are as follows: 1.The main results are as follows: 1. The larvae overwintering in the sludge of the canal in 185 regiment areas of the lower reaches of Ertix River Basin, Xinjiang, China. On April of the following year, they were transferred to the back of weed branches and leaves. 2. The effect of the three methods on catching blackflies in the area of: 185 regiment was significantly different, the net method was the best, and the human account method was the second. The density of blackflies in three different habitats is different, the density of forest area is the highest, the density of farmland and desert area is higher, and the variation law of 24 hours curve of growth and decline curve is similar. The main activity time is 1 hour after sunrise to sunset. The seasonal fluctuation of the life cycle population of Simulium verticillata is not easy to distinguish algebra, except for the overwintering adults, which are not easy to distinguish algebra, except for the overwintering generation. The first generation of adults occurred from early June to middle of July and the second generation from early July to early July. Analysis of the key elements of Landscape factors in breeding areas: through investigation of the breeding areas in the lower reaches of Erqis River, Xinjiang, the insects are all distributed in the lower reaches of the frontal River, especially in the 185 regiment areas. In the 185 regiment area, most of the breeding ground is concentrated in the high altitude area, the velocity of velocity is higher, the dissolved oxygen quantity is high, In the alkaline channel, the requirements of the breeding ground in other areas of the lower reaches of the frontal River Basin are slightly different from those of the 185 regiment, except for the factors of velocity, dissolved oxygen and pH value. There are also requirements for channel depth and flow temperature. This study shows that the Simulium gnats prefer shallow channel in other areas of the lower reaches of the Yellow River basin. At the same time, the key landscape factors were used to establish the prediction equation of the source number of 185 breeding ground insects, and the ideal results were obtained.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：Q968.1

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