北京胡同四合院建筑解析研究及未来延续的探讨

发布时间：2018-03-11 08:02

本文选题：胡同四合院　切入点：保护　出处：《太原理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：北京四合院是中国传统建筑中典型的民居建筑形式,建筑类型丰富,建筑特色鲜明,文化底蕴深厚,在北京以至于中国建筑史和文化发展史中占据着非常重要的历史地位。北京四合院的传统格局与我国的封建宗族制度有着非常密切的关系,在满足日常生活的前提下,这种长幼尊卑的传统思想得以淋漓尽致的表现出来。四合院是北京传统文化符号,规模集中,特点鲜明,体现了中国社会层次结构的特点,四合院和胡同相互依存,互为衍生,密不可分。胡同是老北京的象征,是构成古都城市空间意象的基底。现存北京的胡同和旧城整体空间格局,大部分反映了历史遗存的状况。北京的皇城规划,就是按照它所描述的格局营建的。北京的胡同不仅仅是城市的文脉,交通要道,和北京市民的生活空间,还是一个重要的历史形态,记录历史和文化的发展演变。它记录了历史的变迁,时代的变化,把世界的记忆,蕴含在丰富文化建筑氛围中。胡同,是北京的线性景观,不仅是城市交通,也是北京居住空间的延伸,这种小巷的遗传和进化的历史是中国传统城市空间规划的代表。胡同空间蕴涵着丰富的生态思想,占有重要地位,展现中国的生活环境文化。胡同空间体现了“和谐”的生态观,从空间的角度看,胡同空间是一种中介的空间,内部和外部的机构,建筑与自然,封闭式和开放空间和谐胡同。本论文论述胡同四合院的建筑特点、建筑形态及其在历史发展中的不断演变,选取北京现存的四合院作为研究对象进行研究。通过实地调研并综合国内外已有之相关理论研究成果进行理论分析、理论创新与总结归纳。论文首先于第一章进行了论文研究相关综述,明确了研究方向、框架与目的意义。在第二章中论述了胡同的概念、类型及分布特征,并剖析胡同在中国建筑历史及中国社会历史上存在的价值与意义。第三章综合论述了四合院的建筑特点,包含建筑形态、功能、规制、装饰等；四合院的文化价值；四合院与自然环境、人文环境的完美融合做。并对四合院的历史文化价值做了深层次的研究。在第二、三章的铺垫与基础上,第四章提出了对胡同四合院有机的更新方法与动态保护,并提出：“宜居四合院”的创新概念。第五章是对全文的总结与归纳,再次提出本文论点,并作结论性阐述。通过分析论述,最终我们得出结论：随着北京市的城市建设与发展,人口过密、用地紧张、管理不规范等因素严重破坏了传统的四合院和胡同巷井。胡同四合院的保护及发展延续应在尊重建筑本身的特点前提下,规范其保护标准,使胡同及四合院的建筑特点、类型得以保护并延续发展。胡同四合院历史街区的保护从本质上应采用整体动态保护的策略。所谓动态保护,就是在保护中寻求发展,不是凝固地、僵死地对待历史遗产保护。从实际出发,有针对性地提出灵活的,有利于历史街区复兴的策略。
[Abstract]:Beijing Siheyuan is a typical residential building form in traditional Chinese architecture, with rich architectural types, distinctive architectural characteristics and profound cultural heritage. In Beijing, even in the history of Chinese architecture and cultural development, it occupies a very important historical position. The traditional pattern of the Beijing quadrangle is closely related to the feudal clan system of our country. This traditional idea of the superiority of children and children is vividly manifested. The quadrangle is a symbol of Beijing's traditional culture. It has a concentrated scale and distinctive characteristics, which embodies the characteristics of the hierarchical structure of Chinese society. The courtyard and hutong are interdependent and derivative. Hutong is the symbol of the old Beijing and the base of the spatial image of the ancient capital city. The existing hutong and the overall spatial pattern of the old city in Beijing mostly reflect the status of the historical relics. It was built according to the pattern it described. The hutong in Beijing is not only the context of the city, the main road of transportation, and the living space of the people of Beijing, but also an important historical form. Record the development and evolution of history and culture. It records the changes of history, the changes of times, the memory of the world and the rich atmosphere of cultural architecture. Hutong is the linear landscape of Beijing, not just urban traffic. It is also an extension of Beijing's residential space. The history of inheritance and evolution of this kind of alley is the representative of Chinese traditional urban spatial planning. The hutong space contains rich ecological ideas and occupies an important position. Showing Chinese living environment culture. Hutong space embodies the ecological view of "harmony". From a spatial point of view, Hutong space is a kind of intermediary space, internal and external institutions, architecture and nature, Closed and open space harmonious hutong. This paper discusses the architectural characteristics of hutong courtyard, architectural form and its continuous evolution in the historical development. Select the existing quadrangles in Beijing as the research object. Through the field investigation and synthesis of relevant theoretical research results at home and abroad to carry out theoretical analysis. Theoretical innovation and summarization. Firstly, this paper summarizes the related research in the first chapter, and clarifies the research direction, framework and purpose significance. In the second chapter, it discusses the concept, types and distribution characteristics of hutong. The third chapter discusses the architectural characteristics of Siheyuan, including architectural form, function, regulation, decoration and so on, as well as the cultural value of the quadrangle, and analyzes the value and significance of hutong in the history of Chinese architecture and the history of Chinese society. The perfect fusion of the courtyard with the natural environment and the human environment. And the deep research on the historical and cultural value of the courtyard. On the basis of the second and third chapters, Chapter 4th puts forward the renewal method and dynamic protection of hutong quadrangle, and puts forward the innovative concept of "livable quadrangle". Chapter 5th is a summary and induction of the full text, and puts forward the argument of this paper again. Finally, we come to the conclusion: with the urban construction and development of Beijing, the population is too dense and the land use is tight. The non-standard management and other factors have seriously damaged the traditional courtyard and alley shaft. The protection and development of the hutong courtyard should be standardized on the premise of respecting the characteristics of the building itself, so as to make the architectural characteristics of the hutong and the courtyard. The protection of historic blocks of hutong quadrangles should essentially adopt the strategy of overall dynamic protection. The so-called dynamic protection is to seek development in protection, not a solidified place. From the point of view of reality, this paper puts forward some flexible strategies which are conducive to the revival of historical blocks.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU241.5

【共引文献】