广州市上涌果树公园湿地植物景观构建研究

发布时间：2018-04-02 18:12

本文选题：湿地植物　切入点：水土净化　出处：《仲恺农业工程学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前广州地区湿地植物景观基本以草本植物为主,湿地木本植物应用种类极少,只有少数几种如落羽杉、水松,湿地景观缺乏景观持久性,再加上养护不合理促进生物淤积带来湿地水体二次污染等现象;为丰富湿地植物多样性、在塑造良好植物景观的同时实现湿地生态系统的稳定持续发展,选取广州市上涌果树公园中处于湿地保护区边缘的一块生态环境逐步退化的湿地为研究对象,通过建立样地,种植纸莎草、鸢尾、三棱呰草等草本植物和水翁、秋枫、山小橘等木本植物,开展相关试验与分析,总结适宜湿地植物,构建兼顾净化功能的湿地植物配置模式并应用,希望借此对城市中湿地资源保护与利用提供一些建议以引导正确合理的规划发展方向,主要结果如下:1.对样地内自然生长演替形成的13个优势草本植物群落,进行群落特征调查和群落对水土质量影响的相关试验分析,通过水质总磷、总氮、氨氮等7个指标的测定,并运用综合加权评价法进行综合评分,得出凤眼莲群落、水蓑衣群落、纸莎草+红鞘水竹芋群落、鸢尾群落下的渗滤水水质情况较好;从13种植物凋落物分解对水质的影响来看,凤眼莲和星毛蕨的植物残体对水体的水质影响最小,有一定自我降解能力,红鞘水竹芋、三棱呰草的影响最大。从土壤成分状况来看,不同植物群落下相同深度的土壤有机质含量的差异不显著;纸莎草+红鞘水竹芋群落土壤的有效磷含量(10.66mg/kg)最低;铵态氮含量三棱呰草(39.74mg/kg)最低,说明三棱呰草对氮元素富集能力较强,香蒲群落(135.47mg/kg)速效钾含量最高,其凋落物对土壤的钾含量有一定的影响。综合试验结果筛选出适宜应用于上涌果树公园湿地、兼顾水土净化和景观功能并耐粗放管理的水湿生草本植物,如星毛蕨、鸢尾等。2.通过层次分析法建立评价体系,对样地和前期课题组项目地中的25种湿地木本植物的综合应用价值进行评价。根据结果得分在3.0以上的综合应用价值较高的湿地木本植物资源有大叶算盘子、水翁、风箱树、穗花棋盘脚、海南蒲桃、落羽杉、老鼠|、方枝蒲桃、水石榕、串钱柳,这些植物在湿地环境中表现出较好的观赏价值和生态功能,水翁、落羽杉、穗花棋盘脚等还具有较好的净化能力。3.提出以木本植物为主、辅以草本植物的湿地植物配置模式,在减少湿地植物后期维护成本的同时兼顾植物群落的生态净化功能与景观持久性;并将这些模式应用于上涌果树公园湿地的植物景观改造设计中。由于上涌果树公园湿地自身及其与周边环境的缓冲过渡关系及功能协调等问题,设置植被保育区、生态景观区、生产与游览区三个功能分区,在降低湿地后期维护管理成本的同时兼顾生态、景观与科普功能,为城市环境下湿地资源的开发保护寻求平衡、健康、可持续的发展模式。
[Abstract]:At present, the wetland plant landscape in Guangzhou is dominated by herbaceous plants, and there are few applied species of wetland woody plants, only a few species such as downhill, Pinus jasmine and wetland landscape are short of sustainable landscape.In addition, unreasonable conservation promotes the secondary pollution of wetland water body caused by biological deposition. In order to enrich the diversity of wetland plants, we can create good plant landscape and realize the stable and sustainable development of wetland ecosystem.The ecological environment of a degraded wetland on the edge of the wetland reserve in Shangyong Fruit Tree Park of Guangzhou City was selected as the research object. Through the establishment of sample plots, planting of herbaceous plants, such as Cyperus papyrifolia, Iris iris, Trigonum trigonum, etc., and water weng, autumn maple, etc.Some woody plants, such as orange, were tested and analyzed to sum up the suitable wetland plants, and to construct the wetland plant configuration model and its application.It is hoped that some suggestions will be provided for the protection and utilization of wetland resources in cities in order to guide the correct and rational planning and development direction. The main results are as follows: 1.The characteristics of 13 dominant herbaceous communities formed by natural growth succession were investigated and the effects of community on soil and water quality were analyzed. The total phosphorus, total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen of water quality were measured.The results showed that the water quality of hyacinth hyacinth community, coir coir coat community, water bamboo taro community and Iris group were better by using the comprehensive weighted evaluation method.According to the effects of litter decomposition of 13 species on water quality, the plant residues of Pteris hyacinth and Dryopteris angustifolia had the least effect on water quality, and had a certain self-degradation ability, and the effects of red sheath water bamboo taro and Trigonum trigoni were the greatest.In terms of soil composition, there was no significant difference in soil organic matter content in different plant communities with the same depth; the soil available phosphorus content of Salvia papyrifera was the lowest, 10.66 mg / kg, and ammonium nitrogen content was 39.74 mg 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1), respectively.The results showed that the content of available potassium was the highest in Typha community 135.47 mg / kg, and the litter had a certain effect on the soil potassium content.The results of the comprehensive experiment showed that the wetland of Shangyong Fruit Tree Park was suitable for water and soil purification and landscape function, and could tolerate extensive management, such as Dryopteris acuminata, Iris, et al. 2.The comprehensive application value of 25 kinds of wetland woody plants in the sample plots and the previous project plots were evaluated by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP).According to the results, the resources of woody plants with higher application value in the wetland with a score of 3.0 or above included large leaf plate, water weng, bellows, chessboard foot of spikes, Prunus hainanensis, downhill, rodent, Prunus chinensis, Ficus chinensis, Salix wilfordii.These plants show good ornamental value and ecological function in wetland environment.The wetland plant allocation model, which is mainly woody plant and supplemented by herbaceous plant, can reduce the maintenance cost of wetland plant in the later stage and take into account the ecological purification function and landscape persistence of the plant community at the same time.These models are applied to the plant landscape reconstruction design of the wetland in Shangyong Fruit Tree Park.Due to the problems of the wetland itself, its buffer transition relationship with the surrounding environment and the coordination of its functions, three functional zones, namely, vegetation conservation area, ecological landscape area, production and tourist area, have been set up in Shangyong Fruit Tree Park.At the same time, the maintenance and management cost of wetland is reduced, and ecological, landscape and science popularization functions are taken into account. It seeks for a balanced, healthy and sustainable development model for the development and protection of wetland resources in urban environment.
【学位授予单位】：仲恺农业工程学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S688;TU986.5

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