伊犁郁金香生物学特性研究及栽培郁金香引种试验

发布时间：2018-04-28 07:21

  本文选题：郁金香 + 生物学特性　； 参考：《新疆农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：郁金香是世界著名的球根花卉之一,被誉为“花中皇后”,已被世界各地广泛栽培。但郁金香在我国表现不佳,种球退化严重。我国是郁金香属植物的起源地之一,新疆北部是我国郁金香属两大天然分布区之一,在此地进行郁金香的引种栽培工作具有得天独厚的地理优势和天然条件。本文通过对伊犁郁金香(Tulipa iliensis)的花芽分化、引种驯化、种子萌发、染色体核型分析及荷兰的栽培郁金香的引种栽培试验,研究了新疆野生郁金香生物学特性,以及栽培郁金香的园艺性状表现,以期为我国郁金香属的分类、对丰富新疆地区早春花卉种类、挖掘该地区的本土资源、创造富有特色的园林景观,以及在新疆发展郁金香种球生产的可行性提供参考依据。主要研究结果如下:1、伊犁郁金香在地上茎叶枯黄后进入夏季休眠期,用石蜡切片方法对鳞茎内的花芽分化进程和细胞学特征进行了观察和研究。结果表明,其花芽于6月下旬开始分化,至8月中旬结束,历时6周。2、在新疆伊犁特克斯县进行了伊犁郁金香引种试验,对其物候特征、形态特征及鳞茎表现等进行观测。结果表明伊犁郁金香在人工栽培条件下能正常生长开花,生长周期延长,鳞茎的直径、周径和重量均有显著增加,还分生出了子鳞茎,表现出较好的适应性。3、对伊犁郁金香种子进行萌发实验,通过不同储藏温度及不同储藏时间、不同浓度赤霉素处理等方法发现:低温能帮助打破种子休眠;室温储藏及5℃低温干藏对种子萌发均有极显著的影响,二者的交互作用对种子萌发也具有极显著的影响,并且以室温储藏30d、低温储藏0d这一组合效果最佳;赤霉素对新鲜种子的影响较大,而对室温下储藏了3个月的种子影响不明显。4、伊犁郁金香为2倍体,核型公式为2n=2x=24=2m+14sm+8st,染色体基数x=12,染色体核型为2A型。5、对9个郁金香栽培品种开展了引种栽培试验,对物候期、园艺性状及鳞茎生长情况进行观测,结果表明所有品种均能正常生长、开花,花期在5月初至5月中旬;品种Apeldoorn花期最早;Red Power生长周期与花后营养期最长;Red Power和Dynasty鳞茎退化最为明显;White Dream在花期长短、植株长势、鳞茎发育等方面综合表现最好;Apeldoorn、Negrita的种球在经过一年的引种后基本上能保持其原有的状态,World's Favourite、Golden Oxford、White Dream、Yokohama的种球在直径、周径、重量及子球数量方面均表现较好,可进行种球的生产工作。在伊犁地区,与特克斯县有相似气候的地区也有较大的引种郁金香的潜力。
[Abstract]:Tulip is one of the world famous bulb flowers, known as "flower queen", has been widely cultivated around the world. But tulip is not good in our country, the seed ball degenerates seriously. The northern part of Xinjiang is one of the two natural distribution areas of the genus Tulip in China. The introduction and cultivation of tulip in this area has unique geographical advantages and natural conditions. The biological characteristics of wild tulip in Xinjiang were studied by means of flower bud differentiation, introduction and domestication, seed germination, chromosome karyotype analysis and cultivation experiment of cultivated tulip in Holland. And the horticultural characters of cultivated tulips, in order to enrich the species of early spring flowers in Xinjiang, to excavate the native resources, and to create the characteristic landscape for the classification of Tulip in China. And the feasibility of developing tulip seed ball production in Xinjiang provides reference basis. The main results were as follows: 1. The flower bud differentiation process and cytological characteristics in bulbs were observed and studied by paraffin section method. The results showed that the flower bud began to differentiate in late June and ended in the middle of August, and lasted for 6 weeks. 2. The introduction experiment of tulip was carried out in Ili Tex County, Xinjiang, and the phenological characteristics, morphological characteristics and bulb performance were observed. The results showed that Yili tulip could grow and blossom normally under artificial cultivation condition, the growth cycle was prolonged, the diameter, circumference and weight of bulbs were increased significantly, and the bulbs were divided into two groups. The germination experiment of tulip seeds in Yili was carried out. Through different storage temperature, different storage time and different concentration of gibberellin, it was found that low temperature could help to break the dormancy of tulip seeds. Storage at room temperature and dry storage at 5 鈩，

本文编号：1814324