山地城市老旧街区可持续径流调控与雨水景观营造研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 08:43

本文选题：山地城市 + 老旧街区　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：统计显示,过去3年,全国超过360个城市遭遇内涝。与此同时,全国有1100余座城市严重缺水。城市排水标准偏低和雨水利用系统的缺乏,让这些城市紧缺的资源成为了灾害发生的诱因。针对这种现状,除加强排水管网工程建设外,还应从城市空间设计和生态效用层面入手,积极探索具有适应性的可持续雨洪管理方法。山地城市特殊的自然条件和雨水径流特征,使其内涝防治与雨水利用也应具有特殊性。但目前来看,学者们多将眼光聚焦在城市新建区,针对老旧街区缺乏较为深入的研究。而在街区层面,生态雨水设施的布设类型、布设位置以及布设规模均与其环境因子产生密切联系。因此,有必要从空间视域的角度出发,对影响山地城市老旧街区雨水径流调控过程的环境因子加以研究,以达到雨水设施协同优化的布设目的。本文以位于山地城市建成区内,已使用20—30年、以居住功能为主体,且短时间内难以拆除的老旧街区为研究对象,其大多建成已久,存在特殊的社会、地域以及尺度背景,在雨水排除和回收利用方面均存在不同程度的问题。故本文从风景园林与规划设计的学科视角出发,以可持续径流调控和生态雨水景观现有理论研究为基础,将重点研究范围锁定于重庆主城老旧街区的雨洪环境,通过对典型调研样点内的建筑屋面、公共空间、现状绿化、路面排水设施、蓄水设施以及边界区域等环境因子进行现状分析,结合空间环境与雨水径流特征总结,分别提出可持续径流调控与雨水景观营造的普遍性改造设计策略和特定性空间实施途径,并以北碚朝阳片区局部地块作为设计实践案例,完善和补充山地型老旧街区相关的设计步骤与量化分析方法。普遍性改造设计策略的提出基于山地城市老旧街区空间环境特点总结和雨水径流特征分析,并结合径流在街区内产生、运送和汇集等阶段的不同表现,要求在改造设计过程中应提升雨水截流量、促进雨水下渗、引导径流初步净化、优化场地排水路线、疏导径流定向集汇、整合线型行水路线、保护拓展雨洪调蓄空间以及提升雨水回用效率,从而构建具有针对性的径流调控体系,营造具备低成本、低维护以及低影响的生态型可持续景观。特定性空间实施途径主要针对缓坡型平行等高线并列式、陡坡型平行等高线并列式、垂直等高线并列式和斜交等高线点状式四种典型类别山地城市老旧街区的雨洪环境空间特征与实际问题,分别提出缓冲递进、逐级分层、分散-集中以及复合式的具体实施途径,利用局部空间改造与生态设施布设相结合的思路方法,全面、深入的进行可持续雨水径流调控体系构建与景观营造,为山地城市街区尺度下的可持续雨洪管理提供新的借鉴与思路。最后以北碚朝阳片区内的局部地块作为设计实践案例,参考海绵城市相关的建设指标与设计流程,通过对设计地块进行现状分析、设计目标制定、子汇水区划分与指标分解、生态设施系统布设以及雨水景观类型营造等环节的改造设计,完善和补充山地型老旧街区局部地块相关的具体设计步骤与量化分析方法,以提升研究成果的实用价值。
[Abstract]:Statistics show that over the past 3 years, more than 360 cities across the country have encountered waterlogging. At the same time, more than 1100 cities in the country are seriously short of water. Urban drainage standards are low and the lack of rainwater utilization systems make these cities scarce resources the cause of the disaster. On the level of space design and ecological utility, we actively explore the sustainable management method of sustainable rain and flood. The special natural conditions and rainwater runoff characteristics of mountain cities make the prevention and utilization of waterlogging and rainwater use special. However, at present, the scholars focus more on the new urban areas, in view of the lack of the old and old neighborhoods. On the block level, the layout types, layout and layout of the ecological rainwater facilities are closely related to the environmental factors. Therefore, it is necessary to study the environmental factors that affect the regulation process of rainwater runoff in old and old neighborhoods from the perspective of space, so as to achieve the rainwater facilities Association. In this paper, we have used 20 to 30 years in the built-up area of the mountain city, which have been used as the research object in the old neighborhoods which are the main body of residential function and are difficult to dismantle in a short time. Most of them have been built for a long time, and there are special social, regional and scale background, and there are different degrees in the drainage and recycling of rainwater. Therefore, based on the view of landscape architecture and planning and design, based on the theory of sustainable runoff regulation and ecological rainwater landscape, the key research scope is locked in the rain and flood environment in the old and old blocks of the main city of Chongqing. Through the construction of roofs, public space, present situation greening and pavement drainage in the typical survey samples Analysis of environmental factors such as application, water storage facilities and boundary areas, combined with spatial environment and characteristics of rainwater runoff, the design strategies and specific space implementation approaches for sustainable runoff regulation and rainwater landscape construction are put forward respectively, and the local plots in Chaoyang area of Beibei are taken as a design practice case. The design steps and quantitative analysis methods are supplemented in the old and old neighborhoods of mountainous areas. Based on the summary of the spatial environment characteristics of the old and old blocks in the mountainous cities and the analysis of the characteristics of the rainwater runoff, the different performance in the stages of production, transportation and collection in the block are required to be proposed in the process of reform and design. Increasing rainwater cutting flow, promoting rainwater infiltration, guiding runoff preliminary purification, optimizing site drainage route, dredging runoff directional collection, integrating line type water route, protecting and expanding rain and flood storage space and improving rainwater reuse efficiency, thus building a targeted runoff regulation system, and creating low cost, low maintenance and low impact. Ecological sustainable landscape. Specific spatial implementation approaches are mainly aimed at the parallel parallel contour line of gentle slope type, parallel parallel contour line of steep slope type, vertical contour line parallel and oblique intersection point type four kinds of typical types of mountain cities old and old blocks of rain and flood environment space characteristics and actual problems, respectively, put forward buffer progressive, step by step. Stratification, decentralization and centralization and the concrete implementation of complex type, using the combination of local space transformation and ecological facilities layout, comprehensive and in-depth construction of sustainable rainwater runoff regulation system and landscape construction, providing new reference and ideas for sustainable rain and flood management under the block scale of mountain cities. As a case of design practice in Beiyang District, referring to the related construction index and design process of the sponge City, the design target formulation, the division of the subarea and the index decomposition, the establishment of the ecological facilities system and the type construction of the rainwater view type are designed, perfected and supplementing, with reference to the related construction indexes and the design process of the sponge city. The detailed design steps and quantitative analysis methods related to the local blocks of old mountainous blocks are used to enhance the practical value of the research results.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU992;TU984.114

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