徽州古民居中的中国古典生态美学智慧
发布时间：2018-07-14 09:00
【摘要】：随着改革开放以来城市化进程的迅猛发展,生态环境不断恶化,地域文化也在不断遭到冲击,在某种程度上带来了人类历史发展进程上的重大损失。在新时代下,随着更多人们的关注,生态保护成为每个人必须要面对的生存任务,而将生态保护与地域文化相结合,进一步挖掘中国古典生态美学智慧,对于我们也具有实际的研究价值。徽州地区由于徽商崛起,徽州经济实力在明清时期得到前所未有的发展,徽州地区文化也就此兴盛起来,这为徽州乡村社会注入了雄厚的文化能量。经济的繁荣推动了徽州社会的发展,表现形式就是徽州建筑的发展,到现代,遗留下来的古民居则有着众多而又典型的徽州特征。作为徽州文化的直接体现,徽州古民居建筑在满足民众基本居住条件的基础上,带给世人视觉上、感官上以美的享受,其表现出来的人与自然合二为一的生态美学观念值得我们思考与关注。中国古典哲学的生态智慧深深地影响着中国古代居民的性格,也集中反映在居民对生活中房屋选址、村落布局、建筑造型、装饰色彩等的选择。在村落布局方面,徽州村落强调枕山、环水、面屏,注重与自然的协调,形成了 "天人合一"的生态审美观照;徽州村落选址重视风水形势,注重适应自然、利用自然,具有顺势而为的审美情趣;徽州园林造型精巧,古朴典雅,注重以小见大、别开洞天,营造出自然淡雅的审美意境;徽州古民居色调单纯统一,静穆简约,纯净谐和,具有质朴素净的美感特征。总之,在民居的建构问题上,徽州人将人与自然的和谐之美发挥到了极致。村落选址顺应自然,民居颜色贴近自然,建筑取材利用自然,人居环境尊重自然,结构布局融于自然,处处体现人与自然和谐共生理念,将中国古代哲学中"道法自然"、"天人合一"、"虚实之美"等生态美学智慧表现的淋漓尽致。本论文共有四部分组成。首先,引言部分对本文选题背景、研究意义及国内相关研究进行综合性概述。第一章介绍徽州古民居基本概况。论述了徽州古民居形成的地域条件及其文化背景,从根源上分析徽州古民居产生的条件、发展历史及形成动因。第二章解析徽州古民居的生态美学特征。从村落选址、建筑风格、园林设计和"三雕"艺术等几个方面着手,解析徽州古民居的生态美学特征,并以徽州古民居的生态美学特征为切入点,剖析了中国古代道家思想、儒家思想中蕴含的生态美学智慧。第三章介绍生态美学视野下的现代城乡规划。主要是运用中国古典生态美学智慧,对现代城乡规划中打造山水园林城市、建设美好乡村以及打造"宜居"与"乐居"环境等提供理论支撑,并针对存在的问题提出了合理化建议。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the urbanization process since the reform and opening up, the ecological environment is deteriorating and the regional culture is also under constant impact. To some extent, it has brought great losses in the course of the development of human history. In the new era, as more people pay attention to ecological protection, ecological protection has become the survival task that everyone must face, and combine ecological protection with regional culture to further tap the wisdom of Chinese classical ecological aesthetics. It also has practical research value for us. Because of the rise of Huizhou merchants, the economic strength of Huizhou got unprecedented development in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the culture of Huizhou region also flourished, which injected abundant cultural energy into the rural society of Huizhou. The prosperity of economy has promoted the development of Huizhou society, which is manifested in the development of Huizhou architecture. To modern times, the ancient houses left behind have many and typical features of Huizhou. As a direct embodiment of Huizhou culture, the ancient residential buildings of Huizhou bring the world the enjoyment of beauty in vision and sense on the basis of satisfying the basic living conditions of the people. The ecological aesthetic concept of the combination of man and nature is worthy of our consideration and attention. The ecological wisdom of Chinese classical philosophy deeply affects the character of ancient Chinese residents, and also reflects the residents' choice of house location, village layout, architectural modeling, decoration color and so on. In terms of village layout, Huizhou village emphasizes on pillow mountain, water, screen, coordination with nature, and forms the ecological aesthetic picture of "harmony of nature and man"; Huizhou village location emphasizes geomantic situation, pays attention to adapting to nature, and makes use of nature. Huizhou garden has the aesthetic taste to conform to the trend; Huizhou garden is exquisite, simple and elegant, pays attention to seeing the whole through a small part, does not open the hole sky, creates the natural and elegant aesthetic artistic conception; the Huizhou ancient folk house is simple and unified in tone, quiet and simple, pure and harmonious, It has the characteristic of simplicity and simplicity. In a word, Huizhou people exert the beauty of harmony between man and nature to the utmost. Village location conforms to nature, folk house color is close to nature, building materials use nature, human settlement environment respects nature, structural layout is integrated into nature, and everywhere embodies the concept of harmony and symbiosis between man and nature. In ancient Chinese philosophy, ecological aesthetic wisdom such as "Taoism and nature", "harmony of nature and man", "beauty of vanity and reality" and so on are presented incisively and vividly. This thesis consists of four parts. First of all, the introduction summarizes the background, significance and domestic research. The first chapter introduces the basic situation of Huizhou ancient houses. This paper discusses the regional conditions and cultural background of the formation of Huizhou ancient houses, and analyzes the conditions, development history and causes of the formation of Huizhou ancient houses from the root. The second chapter analyzes the ecological aesthetic characteristics of Huizhou ancient folk houses. From the aspects of village location, architectural style, garden design and the art of "three carvings", this paper analyzes the ecological aesthetic characteristics of Huizhou ancient folk houses, and analyzes the ancient Taoist thoughts of China from the point of view of the ecological aesthetic characteristics of Huizhou ancient folk houses. The ecological aesthetic wisdom contained in Confucianism. The third chapter introduces the modern urban and rural planning under the view of ecological aesthetics. It mainly uses the wisdom of Chinese classical ecological aesthetics to provide theoretical support for the construction of landscape garden cities, the construction of beautiful villages and the construction of "livable" and "happy living" environments in modern urban and rural planning. At the same time, some reasonable suggestions are put forward in view of the existing problems.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU241.5
本文编号：2121146
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the urbanization process since the reform and opening up, the ecological environment is deteriorating and the regional culture is also under constant impact. To some extent, it has brought great losses in the course of the development of human history. In the new era, as more people pay attention to ecological protection, ecological protection has become the survival task that everyone must face, and combine ecological protection with regional culture to further tap the wisdom of Chinese classical ecological aesthetics. It also has practical research value for us. Because of the rise of Huizhou merchants, the economic strength of Huizhou got unprecedented development in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the culture of Huizhou region also flourished, which injected abundant cultural energy into the rural society of Huizhou. The prosperity of economy has promoted the development of Huizhou society, which is manifested in the development of Huizhou architecture. To modern times, the ancient houses left behind have many and typical features of Huizhou. As a direct embodiment of Huizhou culture, the ancient residential buildings of Huizhou bring the world the enjoyment of beauty in vision and sense on the basis of satisfying the basic living conditions of the people. The ecological aesthetic concept of the combination of man and nature is worthy of our consideration and attention. The ecological wisdom of Chinese classical philosophy deeply affects the character of ancient Chinese residents, and also reflects the residents' choice of house location, village layout, architectural modeling, decoration color and so on. In terms of village layout, Huizhou village emphasizes on pillow mountain, water, screen, coordination with nature, and forms the ecological aesthetic picture of "harmony of nature and man"; Huizhou village location emphasizes geomantic situation, pays attention to adapting to nature, and makes use of nature. Huizhou garden has the aesthetic taste to conform to the trend; Huizhou garden is exquisite, simple and elegant, pays attention to seeing the whole through a small part, does not open the hole sky, creates the natural and elegant aesthetic artistic conception; the Huizhou ancient folk house is simple and unified in tone, quiet and simple, pure and harmonious, It has the characteristic of simplicity and simplicity. In a word, Huizhou people exert the beauty of harmony between man and nature to the utmost. Village location conforms to nature, folk house color is close to nature, building materials use nature, human settlement environment respects nature, structural layout is integrated into nature, and everywhere embodies the concept of harmony and symbiosis between man and nature. In ancient Chinese philosophy, ecological aesthetic wisdom such as "Taoism and nature", "harmony of nature and man", "beauty of vanity and reality" and so on are presented incisively and vividly. This thesis consists of four parts. First of all, the introduction summarizes the background, significance and domestic research. The first chapter introduces the basic situation of Huizhou ancient houses. This paper discusses the regional conditions and cultural background of the formation of Huizhou ancient houses, and analyzes the conditions, development history and causes of the formation of Huizhou ancient houses from the root. The second chapter analyzes the ecological aesthetic characteristics of Huizhou ancient folk houses. From the aspects of village location, architectural style, garden design and the art of "three carvings", this paper analyzes the ecological aesthetic characteristics of Huizhou ancient folk houses, and analyzes the ancient Taoist thoughts of China from the point of view of the ecological aesthetic characteristics of Huizhou ancient folk houses. The ecological aesthetic wisdom contained in Confucianism. The third chapter introduces the modern urban and rural planning under the view of ecological aesthetics. It mainly uses the wisdom of Chinese classical ecological aesthetics to provide theoretical support for the construction of landscape garden cities, the construction of beautiful villages and the construction of "livable" and "happy living" environments in modern urban and rural planning. At the same time, some reasonable suggestions are put forward in view of the existing problems.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU241.5
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