主要陈设工艺品木雕用材材质的系统研究
发布时间：2018-07-18 21:37
【摘要】：木雕工艺是民间艺术中具有代表性的中华传统形式之一,有着丰厚的传统文化底蕴和鲜明的民族特色。木材是木雕工艺的载体,从某种意义上来说“所有的木材都能用来雕刻,但是并不是每一种木材雕刻都能成为精品”。根据传统木雕发展历史,本论文选取13种木材,包括11种常见的具有代表性的传统陈设工艺品用材及2种新兴的用材。较系统的研究了木材的构造特征、结构特征、用材相关特性、挥发油,分析了用材对木雕工艺品的适用性,探讨了木雕用材对木雕工艺、雕刻技法、陈设美学的影响。同时,对“血龙木”、“紫檀柳”木材构造特征及木材分类进行了研究。通过试验研究,得到具体结论如下:(1)木材构造特征是影响雕刻用材选择的重要因素。主要陈设工艺品木雕以早晚材缓变的针叶材和阔叶材散孔材为主。对各用材宏观微观构造进行描述,为雕刻题材的选择提供参考。另外,对构造特征研究表明“血龙木”为南洋杉科贝壳杉属树种,而“紫檀柳”趋向于蝶形花科黄檀属树种,需进一步对其植物性特征,花、果、叶进行研究,探讨植物学分类。(2)结合木雕技法,不同结构的用材适用于不同工艺品的雕刻。纹理直、结构细的用材,如黄杨木、椴木类木材适合透雕、圆雕类工艺品雕刻;纹理斜、结构中的木材,如樟木、檀香紫檀木类木材适合用于圆雕辅以浅浮雕技法工艺品的雕刻。(3)对结构微观构造特征的主成分因子分析,表明阔叶材平均管孔弦径及针叶材平均管胞弦径是影响雕刻工艺选择的重要参数。使用拉削或推刻工艺雕刻阔叶材时,应保证刀刃不会切入到木材纤维之间即不能顺纹切割。横纹切割能够保证刀刃受的阻力均匀且较顺纹方向阻力大,雕刻力度得到控制,确保木材不会顺纹开裂,用材导管弦径小分布均匀更有利于雕刻工艺的发挥。(4)综合表面特性参数,用材材色其中有7种分布在Y色调内,为黄色调,5种分布在YR色调内,为橙色调,1种分布在R色调内,为红色调。用材中平行纹理入射条件下的光泽度GZL的测量值范围:5.15%~9.32%,垂直纹理入射条件下的光泽度GZT的测量值范围:3.94%~6.12%。木雕用材的水滴接触角都小于90°为部分润湿,水滴接触角越小,润湿性越好。黄色调光泽度适中的木材适用于活泼、生动主题工艺品的雕刻,橙红色调有光泽的木材适用于稳重、典雅、大方主题工艺品的雕刻。(5)雕刻工具的选择与用材的密度、硬度、干缩性密切相关。如银杏、椴木之类密度、硬度适中的木材,适用于各类木雕艺术的表现形式;雕刻此类木材一般选择刃口薄而锋利的工具。而如紫檀木之类密度、硬度大的木材需要运用硬木雕的有关技艺进行操作,主要选择刃口稍厚的工具。(6)对试验的7种用材的挥发油成分分析,比例占1%以上的化合物包括:芥酸酰胺、烯类、苯酚类、萘甲醇类、酮类、脂类化合物。挥发油成分对木雕工艺品鉴赏和木雕加工环境有重要影响。
[Abstract]:Wood carving is one of the representative Chinese traditional forms in folk art, which has rich traditional culture and distinctive national characteristics. Wood is the carrier of wood carving technology, in a sense, "all wood can be carved, but not every wood carving can become fine." According to the development history of traditional wood carving, this paper selects 13 kinds of wood, including 11 kinds of typical traditional display handicraft materials and 2 kinds of new materials. The structural characteristics, timber related characteristics, volatile oil of wood were studied systematically. The applicability of wood to wood carving handicraft was analyzed, and the influence of wood carving on wood carving technology, carving technique and display aesthetics was discussed. At the same time, the structural characteristics and wood classification of Xue Longmu and Rosewood were studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Wood structure is an important factor affecting the selection of wood for carving. The main display crafts wood carving in the morning and evening wood slowly changed coniferous and broad-leaved wood scattered mainly. The macroscopical and microscopic structure of each material is described to provide reference for the selection of sculpture subject matter. In addition, the study on the structural characteristics shows that Xue Longmu is a species of the genus Artemisia, while Rhizoma Rosewood tends to be a species of the sphenoid family, so it is necessary to further study its plant characteristics, flowers, fruits and leaves. Discuss the classification of botany. (2) combined with woodcarving techniques, the materials with different structures are suitable for carving of different handicrafts. Straight, structured wood, such as aspen, Linden wood, suitable for carving, round carving handicraft carving; texture, in the structure of wood, such as camphor wood, Sandalwood wood is suitable for carving round carvings supplemented with shallow relief crafts. (3) Principal component factor analysis of structural and microstructural characteristics. It is shown that the mean diameter of the chord of the broad leaved wood and the average diameter of the tracheid string of the needle are the important parameters that affect the selection of engraving process. When carving broadleaved wood by broaching or pressing, ensure that the blade does not cut through the wood fibers. Transverse cutting can ensure that the blade is subjected to uniform resistance and larger resistance than the direction along the grain, the intensity of the carving is controlled to ensure that the wood does not crack along the grain. The uniform distribution of chord diameters is more beneficial to the carving process. (4) according to the surface characteristic parameters, there are 7 kinds of wood colors in Y tone, 5 yellow colors in yr tone, and 1 kind of orange tonal in R tone. A red tone. The measuring range of gloss GZL under the condition of parallel textures in the material is: 5.15 and 9.32, and that of gloss GZT under the condition of vertical texture incidence is: 3.94 and 6.12. The water droplet contact angle of wood carving is less than 90 掳and the wettability is better when the contact angle of water droplet is smaller. The wood with moderate yellow tone and luster is suitable for carving lively, vivid theme crafts, orange-red and lustrous wood for carving of stable, elegant and generous themed handicrafts. (5) selection of engraving tools and density and hardness of materials used, Dryness is closely related. Such as ginkgo, Linden density, moderate hardness of wood, suitable for all kinds of woodcarving art expression; carving wood generally choose a thin and sharp tool. For example, such density as rosewood, heavy wood needs to be operated by using the relevant techniques of hard wood carving, and the tools with slightly thicker edges are mainly selected. (6) Analysis of the volatile oil composition of the 7 kinds of wood used in the experiment. More than 1% of the compounds include erucide-amide, olefins, phenols, naphthalene methanol, ketones and lipids. Volatile oil composition has an important effect on the appreciation of wood carving crafts and woodcarving processing environment.
【学位授予单位】：南京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TS932.4
本文编号：2132846
[Abstract]:Wood carving is one of the representative Chinese traditional forms in folk art, which has rich traditional culture and distinctive national characteristics. Wood is the carrier of wood carving technology, in a sense, "all wood can be carved, but not every wood carving can become fine." According to the development history of traditional wood carving, this paper selects 13 kinds of wood, including 11 kinds of typical traditional display handicraft materials and 2 kinds of new materials. The structural characteristics, timber related characteristics, volatile oil of wood were studied systematically. The applicability of wood to wood carving handicraft was analyzed, and the influence of wood carving on wood carving technology, carving technique and display aesthetics was discussed. At the same time, the structural characteristics and wood classification of Xue Longmu and Rosewood were studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Wood structure is an important factor affecting the selection of wood for carving. The main display crafts wood carving in the morning and evening wood slowly changed coniferous and broad-leaved wood scattered mainly. The macroscopical and microscopic structure of each material is described to provide reference for the selection of sculpture subject matter. In addition, the study on the structural characteristics shows that Xue Longmu is a species of the genus Artemisia, while Rhizoma Rosewood tends to be a species of the sphenoid family, so it is necessary to further study its plant characteristics, flowers, fruits and leaves. Discuss the classification of botany. (2) combined with woodcarving techniques, the materials with different structures are suitable for carving of different handicrafts. Straight, structured wood, such as aspen, Linden wood, suitable for carving, round carving handicraft carving; texture, in the structure of wood, such as camphor wood, Sandalwood wood is suitable for carving round carvings supplemented with shallow relief crafts. (3) Principal component factor analysis of structural and microstructural characteristics. It is shown that the mean diameter of the chord of the broad leaved wood and the average diameter of the tracheid string of the needle are the important parameters that affect the selection of engraving process. When carving broadleaved wood by broaching or pressing, ensure that the blade does not cut through the wood fibers. Transverse cutting can ensure that the blade is subjected to uniform resistance and larger resistance than the direction along the grain, the intensity of the carving is controlled to ensure that the wood does not crack along the grain. The uniform distribution of chord diameters is more beneficial to the carving process. (4) according to the surface characteristic parameters, there are 7 kinds of wood colors in Y tone, 5 yellow colors in yr tone, and 1 kind of orange tonal in R tone. A red tone. The measuring range of gloss GZL under the condition of parallel textures in the material is: 5.15 and 9.32, and that of gloss GZT under the condition of vertical texture incidence is: 3.94 and 6.12. The water droplet contact angle of wood carving is less than 90 掳and the wettability is better when the contact angle of water droplet is smaller. The wood with moderate yellow tone and luster is suitable for carving lively, vivid theme crafts, orange-red and lustrous wood for carving of stable, elegant and generous themed handicrafts. (5) selection of engraving tools and density and hardness of materials used, Dryness is closely related. Such as ginkgo, Linden density, moderate hardness of wood, suitable for all kinds of woodcarving art expression; carving wood generally choose a thin and sharp tool. For example, such density as rosewood, heavy wood needs to be operated by using the relevant techniques of hard wood carving, and the tools with slightly thicker edges are mainly selected. (6) Analysis of the volatile oil composition of the 7 kinds of wood used in the experiment. More than 1% of the compounds include erucide-amide, olefins, phenols, naphthalene methanol, ketones and lipids. Volatile oil composition has an important effect on the appreciation of wood carving crafts and woodcarving processing environment.
【学位授予单位】：南京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TS932.4
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