造型与传神—论写实油画人物形象的塑造

发布时间：2018-06-10 09:38

本文选题：写实人物油画创作 + 造型　；参考：《河北师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：作品的“传神”一直是历代绘画大师所追求的最高目标,东晋顾恺之提出的“传神写照”,近代绘画大师齐白石所说的“作画妙在似与不似之间”,这都是对绘画的要求,即在“似”与“不似”之间找寻一种“神似”,也就是绘画中提到的“传神”。绘画中的“神”是指一种精神气质,一种带有灵性的美,在中国的美学思想中,传神是人物形象的关键所在。对于写实人物油画来讲,人物形象的塑造要恰到好处,既不能失了它的本真,又不能简单呆板的照抄,一切形式的绘画都要符合绘画的本质特征,就是在客观再现与主观表现中找到一个平衡点,主观与客观相融合,即使是写实也不是照抄自然。艺术家所表现的艺术形象是艺术家经过选择、提炼、加工后的结果,是注入自身真情实感又能将画家的内在精神气质、思想内涵等传递给观众的形象,影响一幅画传神的因素有很多,但对于写实人物油画来讲,造型却是传神的关键,是支撑写实人物油画传神的骨架,任何的绘画语言都是依附于造型的基础之上的,古典主义绘画大师们注重造型,就连重视光色变化的印象派,其色彩的变化也是源自于对造型中体积与空间的把握。线条作为造型的基础手段,在绘画中起着重要的作用,同时与画面的传神有密不可分的关系,早在远古时期,原始人就用简单粗壮的线条来表现身边的事物,今天的我们再看那些图画,虽然稚拙但却生动形象。线条本身就具有丰富的表现力及很强的指引性,而且不同的线给人不一样的情绪感受,明暗作为造型手段始终贯穿于西方的写实绘画中,绘画大师卡拉瓦乔、伦勃朗等对于明暗关系的运用都对其画面的传神起着重要的作用,色彩是油画的灵魂,是人物传神的关键,而绘画中各要素之间的对比关系又直接影响着画面中所塑造的人物形象的传神效果。乌克兰当代艺术家米·顾依达善画人物,他深受中国传统文化的影响,在绘画技法上借鉴中国水墨画的手法,不拘泥于细节,手法轻松灵动,画面蕴藏着一种诗意;中国绘画大师杨飞云受古典主义绘画的影响,重视写生,在画面的造型上主观加工处理,背景的刻画都是为主体人物的传神而服务的,整个画面端庄典雅;李贵君也是写实人物油画的代表,他笔下的人物多为青春时期的女子,通过精致细腻的刻画将女性的优雅与柔美呈现在画面之上,在造型上,线条流畅,善于抓住人物的瞬间表情,背景往往采用单色来衬托主体人物的神情,人物形象传神而灵动。对于写实人物油画的创作来说,每个艺术家的表现手法都不尽相同,但这些表现手法都依附于造型的基础之上,而写实并不意味着就是照抄,并不以“像”为评判标准,它是要传递艺术家的精神境界以及思想情感,在造型的处理上要加入主观的情感,有“情”便“真”,是“真”才“传神”,可见,造型对于人物形象传神的重要性之大。
[Abstract]:The "evoking" of the works has always been the highest goal pursued by the masters of painting in the past dynasties. The "vivid portrayal" put forward by Gu Kaizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and what Qi Baishi, the master of modern painting, called "painting between likeness and non-resemblance" are all the requirements for painting. That is, looking for a kind of "divine resemblance" between "likeness" and "non-likeness", that is, "enchanting" as mentioned in painting. "God" in painting refers to a spiritual temperament, a kind of spiritual beauty, in the Chinese aesthetic thought, vivid is the key to the character image. For realistic oil paintings, the portrayal of characters should be just right, neither losing its true nature, nor simply copying it rigidly. All forms of painting should conform to the essential features of painting. It is to find a balance point between objective reappearance and subjective expression, the combination of subjective and objective, even realism is not to copy nature. The artistic image shown by the artist is the result of the artist's selection, refinement and processing. It is the image that infuses his true feelings and conveys to the audience the artist's inner spiritual temperament, ideological connotation, etc. There are a lot of factors that affect the vivid painting of a painting, but for realistic oil paintings, modeling is the key to evoking, it is to support the vivid skeleton of realistic characters oil paintings, and any painting language is based on the modeling. The masters of classical painting pay attention to modeling, even to the Impressionists who attach importance to the change of light and color, whose color change is also derived from the grasp of volume and space in the modeling. Lines, as the basic means of modeling, play an important role in painting. At the same time, they are inextricably related to the vivid picture. As early as in ancient times, primitive people used simple and strong lines to express the things around them. Today we look at the pictures, though young but vivid. The lines themselves have rich expressiveness and strong guidance, and different lines give people different feelings of emotion. Light and shade, as a means of modeling, always run through the realistic painting in the West. Caravaggio, the master of painting, Rembrandt's use of the relationship between light and dark plays an important role in evoking his picture. Color is the soul of the oil painting and the key to evoking the spirit of the characters. And the contrast between the elements in painting directly affects the vivid effect of the characters created in the picture. Ukraine contemporary artist Migu Yida good painting character, he is deeply influenced by the Chinese traditional culture, drawing on the Chinese ink painting in painting techniques, not stuck to the details, the technique is easy to move, the screen contains a poetic; Influenced by classicism, the master of Chinese painting, Yang Feiyun, attaches great importance to sketching. In the form of pictures, the subjective processing and processing, the depiction of the background serve for the main characters, and the whole picture is elegant and elegant. Li Guijun is also a representative of realistic oil paintings. Most of his characters are young women. They present the elegance and tenderness of women on the screen through delicate and delicate portrayals. In the modelling, the lines are smooth. Be good at grasping the instant expression of the character, the background often uses monochromatic to foil the main character's expression, the character image is vivid and vivid. For the creation of realistic oil paintings, each artist has different performance methods, but these techniques are all based on the modeling, and realism does not mean copying, not taking "like" as the criterion. It is to transmit the artist's spiritual realm and thought and emotion, and to add subjective emotion to the treatment of modeling. When there is "emotion", it is "true", and it is "true" and "vivid". It can be seen that modeling is of great importance to the personage image.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：J213

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