王维美学思想研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 22:36

本文关键词：王维美学思想研究　出处：《华中师范大学》2006年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：王维是盛唐时期著名的诗人,他的诗主要描写了山水田园“澄淡空寂”的境界,这种描写中蕴含着重要的美学思想。虽然王维没有专门的美学著作,甚至关于美学的言论也很少,但他诗歌创作中所体现出来的美学思想却使人感到真实生动:王维以恬淡的田园风光为美、以静谧的自然山水为美,充满了对平淡超脱和空灵寂静之审美形态的追求;他以超越世俗的审美心胸、以“悟”且“静”的审美体验方式,在纵情山水中追求着“心物融合”的高妙境界。王维奉佛向禅,他的美学思想受到了其佛教禅学思想、尤其是南禅宗思想的巨大影响。盛唐是禅宗形成并定型的关键时期,由于禅宗“众心即佛”的心性本体论、“直指人心”的认识论和“心境一体”的境界论都焕发出审美的光彩,潜含着丰富的美学意蕴,从而带动了盛唐审美思想的发展,给审美意识、审美对象、审美形态、审美心理等带来了根本性的改革,而在这个转型期间,最具代表性的就是有“诗佛”之称的王维。王维主要接受了禅宗的“性空”观、“众心即佛”的佛性论、“无相无念无住”的修行论和“随缘任运”的人生哲学,展现出在佛禅思想影响下的一种崭新而又独特的美学思想,给盛唐美学观念带来了一股清新的风气。王维美学思想的形成标志着佛禅思想真正融入了文人的观念和生活,在审美活动中对现实具体美感经验的渴求、对自由的个性审美的唤醒、对纯粹美的发现,不仅形成了一种新的审美理想,而且内在的成为中国本土化的一种文化精神,反映了从魏晋到盛唐,中国美学史发展的一个内在的必然的历史进程。王维开创了“雄浑壮伟”的盛唐气象之外的又一“空灵静寂、澄淡精致”的审美境界,同样成为典型的盛唐之音,这表明中国古代诗学和美学进一步走向了成熟。中国的美学比较零散,缺乏理论自觉的意识,禅宗美学到了宋代严羽,才具有一定的理论形态。但其实皎然、司空图、严羽、叶燮、王国维等所要追求的审美理想,早在王维时代就已经实现了。因此,笔者认为:王维美学思想具有承上启下的意义,是中国美学发展史上不可或缺的一部分,对其美学思想的研究是极具意义的。本文通过对王维前后期佛教禅学思想的深入研究,梳理、分析出蕴涵在山水田园诗歌创作中的王维的美学思想,并肯定王维美学思想在中国美学史上的重要地位。全文共分四个部分论述。第一章中,通过分析王维生平、交游经历、诗文、信件以及后人对其的评价,对王维的佛教禅学信仰作一个考证,并着重指出南禅宗对
[Abstract]:Wang Wei is a famous poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. His poems mainly describe the realm of "clear and empty silence" in the landscape and pastoral garden. This description contains important aesthetic thoughts, although Wang Wei has no special aesthetic works. There are few comments on aesthetics, but the aesthetic thoughts embodied in his poems make people feel real and vivid: Wang Wei takes the tranquil pastoral scenery as the beauty, and the tranquil natural landscape as the beauty. Full of the pursuit of the aesthetic form of insipid and quiet; In order to transcend the worldly aesthetic mind and "realize" and "quiet" aesthetic experience, he pursues the high and wonderful realm of "heart and material fusion" in the ardent landscape. Wang Wei's aesthetic thought was greatly influenced by his Buddhist Zen thought, especially the Southern Zen thought. The prosperous Tang Dynasty was the key period for the formation and finalization of Zen Buddhism. Because of the mind ontology of Zen, the epistemology of "pointing directly to the human heart" and the realm theory of "state of mind as a whole" are full of aesthetic luster and rich aesthetic implication. In order to promote the development of aesthetic thought in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, it brought fundamental reform to aesthetic consciousness, aesthetic object, aesthetic form, aesthetic psychology and so on. The most representative is the "poem Buddha" known as Wang Wei. Wang Wei mainly accepted the Zen view of "Xing Kong", "the hearts of the Buddha is the Buddha" of the Buddha nature theory. The practice theory of "no thought, no thought, no living" and the life philosophy of "follow the fate" reveal a new and unique aesthetic thought under the influence of Buddhism and Zen thought. The formation of Wang Wei's aesthetic thought symbolizes the true integration of the Buddhist thought into the concept and life of the literati, and the desire for practical aesthetic experience in the aesthetic activities. The awakening of the individual aesthetic of freedom and the discovery of pure beauty not only formed a new aesthetic ideal, but also internally became a kind of cultural spirit of Chinese localization, which reflected the period from Wei Jin to the prosperous Tang Dynasty. The development of Chinese aesthetic history is an inevitable historical process. Wang Wei created the aesthetic realm of "emptiness and silence" in addition to the "majestic and majestic" atmosphere of the Tang Dynasty. It also became a typical sound of prosperous Tang Dynasty, which indicates that ancient Chinese poetics and aesthetics have further matured. Chinese aesthetics is scattered, lack of theoretical consciousness, Zen aesthetics to the Song Dynasty Yan Yu, only have a certain theoretical form, but in fact, Jiao ran, Shi Dian, Yan Yu, Ye Xie. Wang Guowei and so on to pursue the aesthetic ideal, as early as the era of Wang Wei has been realized. Therefore, the author believes that the aesthetic thought of Wang Wei has the significance of connecting the past and the following, and is an indispensable part of the history of Chinese aesthetics. The study of his aesthetic thoughts is of great significance. Through the in-depth study of Wang Wei's Buddhist Zen thoughts in the former and later periods, this paper analyzes the aesthetic thoughts of Wang Wei contained in the creation of landscape pastoral poetry. And affirmed Wang Wei's aesthetic thought in the Chinese aesthetic history important position. This paper is divided into four parts. The first chapter, through the analysis of Wang Wei's life, travel experience, poetry, letters and the evaluation of later generations, to make a textual research on Wang Wei's Buddhist Zen belief. It is also emphasized that the Southern Zen sect
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：I01

【引证文献】