从操纵论的角度看林纾的翻译

发布时间：2018-03-01 22:33

本文关键词： 林纾操纵意识形态赞助者诗学　出处：《湖南师范大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 林纾是中国晚清最负盛名的翻译家之一,是翻译西洋文学作品的第一人。他翻译的作品引入了西方文学的新思想和新的创作手法,极大地影响了中国当代文学的发展。许多翻译家和学者都曾撰文评述林纾和他的翻译作品,但是大多数都是从传统的语言角度来分析。结果以往的文章都批评他的翻译不忠于原文,总爱随意改变原文。然而他的“不忠实”的翻译却很受当时读者的欢迎,而且在当时的中国产生了巨大的社会反响和文化冲击。依照传统的翻译标准,通过对原文和译文的逐字逐句的比较去衡量译文,是无法正确评价林纾的翻译的,无法解释林纾这种独特的翻译现象的。为了能给这种翻译现象一个合理的解释,本文试图以安德烈·勒菲弗尔的操纵理论为指导,探讨意识形态、赞助者和诗学对林纾的翻译的影响。本文分为五部分: 导言部分介绍了不同时期的学者对林纾翻译的认识、研究及相关的一些背景知识,指出本研究的意义以及研究的视角和方法。第一章阐释本文的理论基础,即以安德烈·勒菲弗尔为代表的“操纵学派”的操纵理论。勒菲弗尔认为翻译作为主要的改写形式,是为权力服务的,它以特定的方式改写和操控着文学作品,使之符合特定社会中的各种意识形态和诗学。他认为控制文学系统的有内外两个因素,这两个因素分别以赞助人和一些所谓的“专业人士”为代表。其中赞助人感兴趣的通常是文学的意识形态,而“专业人士”关心的则是诗学。第二章考察林纾所处的时代背景,从中分析出林纾复杂的意识形态和赞助人。林纾深受中国传统文化的影响,一方面他主张对传统文化进行改革,另一方面又不赞成激进的文化改革。当时改革派知识分子如康有为、梁启超为了利用小说作为宣传工具,大力提高小说的地位和声望。康有为、梁启超是林纾的主要赞助者,因而林纾翻译的作品主要是小说, 第三章是论文的主体部分。在这一章,论文首先分析了林纾翻译实践的特点,把林纾的翻译生涯分为两个时期。林纾前期的译本绝大多数有自序或旁人序,有跋,有《小引》,有《达旨》,有《例言》,有《译余剩语》,有《短评数则》,有自己和旁人所题的诗、词,在译文里还时常附加按语和评语。在后期译本里,这些点缀品或附属品大大削减。文章接下来分析林纾的翻译的目的,指出林纾是有着强烈爱国情感的传统知识分子,他认为小说能够“开民智”,是救国的一个好途径。因而他是带着这一崇高的目的来进行小说翻译的。最后,文章大量引用林纾翻译中的例子来论证他在翻译中运用了多种技巧,创造出大量的带有明显个人风格的译本。具体说来他的翻译技巧包括:删节原著,增添内容,改造原文体裁,重写译名,改变原作叙事视角等。正如许多评论家所指出的那样,林纾的翻译并不完全忠于原文,这种译法有不少值得商榷之处,然而却为近代文学翻译开创了一种文风,获得了后人的赞赏。结语部分是对以上分析的简要总结。在以源语为导向的传统翻译评论中,林纾的翻译因其“不忠”而成为批评的目标。但从以上的分析我们可以看出,正是近代中国社会的文化氛围、意识形态、赞助者、诗学的共同作用,成功地实现了对林纾翻译的操纵,从而产生了林纾这种独特的翻译现象。
[Abstract]:Lin Shu is one of the most famous translators in the late Qing Dynasty Chinese, was the first translation of Western literature. His translation works introduced western literature of new ideas and new writing techniques, greatly influenced the development of contemporary literature Chinese. Many translators and scholars have written articles on the Lin Shu and his translation works, but most are analyzed from the traditional linguistic perspective. The results of previous articles have criticized his translation is not faithful to the original, always change the original random. However his unfaithful translations are warmly received by the readers, and in the China when tremendous social and cultural impact. In accordance with the traditional translation the standard, by comparing to the original and translated word for word and sentence for sentence translation is unable to measure, evaluate the correct translation of Lin Shu, Lin Shu could not explain this unique translation phenomenon in order to give. This translation phenomenon is a reasonable explanation. This paper attempts to explore the influence of ideology, patronage and Poetics on Lin Shu's translation under the guidance of Andre Lefebvre's manipulation theory.
This article is divided into five parts:
The introductory part introduces the knowledge, research and related background knowledge of Lin Shu's translation in different periods, and points out the significance of this study and the perspectives and methods of research.
Chapter one elaborates the theoretical basis, which is represented by Andre Lefebvre's "manipulation theory of manipulation school". Lefebvre argues that translation is rewriting the main form, is to serve it, in a specific way of rewriting and manipulation of literary works, the symbol of ideology and poetics together in a given society. He thought there are two factors that control inside and outside the literary system, these two factors respectively to patrons and some of the so-called "professional" as the representative. The patron is usually interested in literature and ideology, "professionals" is interested in poetry.
The second chapter reviews the background of Lin Shu, analyses the Lin Shu complex ideology and patronage from Lin Shu. China was deeply influenced by traditional culture, on the one hand, he advocated reforming the traditional culture, on the other hand, not in favor of the radical cultural reform. Then the reformist intellectuals such as Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao in order to use the novel as propaganda, vigorously improve the novel status and prestige. Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao is the main sponsor of Lin Shu, and Lin Shu's translation works are mainly novels,
The third chapter is the main part of the thesis. In this chapter, the paper firstly analyzes the characteristics of Lin Shu's translation practice, the translation of Lin Shu's career is divided into two periods. In Lin Shu's early versions of most others have preface or postscript, there is order, < < > kohiki, there was purpose >, with < > cases there are more than translation, < > < a number of superfluous words, there are some of their own and others ", the title of the poem, words in the translation often adjunct and reviews. In later versions, the ornament or accessories is cut down greatly. Then this article analyzes Lin Shu's translation purpose, pointed out that Lin Shu was a strong the patriotic sentiments of the traditional intellectuals, he thinks that the novel can" wisdom ", is a good way to save the country. So he is with this lofty objective of fiction translation. Finally, the article quoted a lot of Lin Shu translation examples to prove he has used many kinds of skills in translation and creation A large number of obvious personal style of translation. His translation skills specifically including: abridged original, add content, change text genre, rewriting translation, change the original narrative perspective. As many critics have pointed out that Lin Shu's translation is not completely faithful to the original, this translation method has many questionable points, however for the translation of modern literature to create a style, won the future appreciation.
The conclusion part is the brief summary of the above analysis. In the source language oriented traditional translation criticism, Lin Shu's translation because of its "infidelity" and become the target of criticism. But from the above analysis we can see that it is the modern Chinese social culture, ideology, the sponsor, the interaction of Poetics and successfully realized the manipulation of Lin Shu, resulting in Lin Shu this unique translation phenomenon.

【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：H059;I046

【相似文献】