作为表征的文学

发布时间：2018-04-23 20:44

本文选题：表征 + 文化意义　；参考：《上海师范大学》2007年博士论文

【摘要】： 论文由学术史、导论、四个章节及结语构成。学术史主要回顾了国内外关于表征理论的研究现状及尚且存在的问题。导论部分从英文词汇“representation”的翻译问题谈起,对整个论题进行了整体的论证和概说,并指出了论文的创新之处和理论意义。传统的再现概念在当代西方理论语境中出现了一次大的断裂,产生了不同形式的新内涵,可以把这些新内涵笼统地称为“表征观念”或“表征理论”。论文在简要地分析了再现概念的“语言学转向”、“后现代转向”和“文化转向”之后,对当代西方表征理论所提供的理论洞见进行了一次梳理和建构。在此基础上,论文把这种经过建构的表征观念引入文学研究,并提出了一系列具有一定创新意义的理论观点。第一章是对当代西方表征理论的建构性阐述。本文着重论述的表征观念主要来自斯图尔特·霍尔的理论研究和批评实践。索绪尔的结构主义语言学、罗兰·巴特文化批评中的“神话学”、福柯的话语理论以及阿尔都塞的意识形态“询唤”理论,是霍尔文化表征理论中最重要的理论“部件”。论文以霍尔的文化表征理论为主线,结合上述几位理论家的理论观点,系统地分析和建构了一种结构主义符号学的表征理论。这一理论提供的洞见和论题如下:表征将语言符号、意义和文化联系起来,表征实践是一种文化意义的生产;任何表征实践都需要“文化符码”的存在,“文化符码”是特定历史时期一套社会惯例的产物、一种未成文的文化契约,表征实践采用某种“文化符码”去生产符号序列,实际上就是采用了某种文化与意识形态价值观念去创造一个完整的可以解码的符号文本;由于文化符码是在特定社会和文化中历史地形成的,文化表征实践所生产的文化意义与价值观念也是特殊的、历史的;文化的意义与价值系统具有现实效果,它有助于建立起使社会生活秩序化和得以控制的各种规则、标准和常规,从而规范人们的行为。因此,表征实践对于主流文化的认同或颠覆,实际上是对现实生活的“介入”;表征实践不仅仅生产有关事物(包括虚构的、子虚乌有的事物)的一系列符号,而且还具有话语实践的性质;表征实践生产一系列“主体位置”,吸引着现实个体形成自身的主体性和身份认同;表征实践总是与各种权力纠结在一起,生产有关“他者”的刻板形象。第二、三、四章的主要内容是运用表征理论对文学进行的系统研究。第二章明确提出了有关文学作为表征实践的几个主要观点:文学表征是一种文化意义的生产,文学表征所生产的文化意义与特定历史时期主导的文化价值观念始终保持着一种建构或颠覆的关系;文学表征是一种惯例,现实主义文学的表征模式也是一种惯例,它通过各种手段使自己的各种常规自然化;文学表征具有话语实践的性质,文学写作不是在文化真空中进行的,文学表征总是与各种意识形态话语“咬合”在一起,从而使各种意识形态话语在文学话语中得以生产、复制和流通。第三章详细地分析了现实主义、浪漫主义、现代主义和后现代主义文学的表征模式,这些不同“主义”的文学作为一种惯例都形成了自身的基本表征模式:作家写作和文化介入的姿态、形象塑造的方式、“真实性”标准和意义生产方式等。第四章讨论文学表征与身份认同问题。文学表征所塑造的人物形象提供了许多主体位置,这些主体位置是读者个体形成自我、主体性和身份认同的文化资源;文学表征往往是一种阶级、民族、性别和种族身份的建构,认同或颠覆主流文化所允许的文化身份;文学表征对“他者”刻板形象的生产也是产生文化偏见的温床,然而“他者”总要为自己的利益不断地争夺自我表征的话语权,用自己的话语建构更理想的、更加公正的文化身份。因此,文学表征也是一个文化斗争的场所。论文的结语部分简要地概括了整篇论文的研究成果。
[Abstract]:The thesis is composed of academic history, introduction, four chapters and concluding remarks. The academic history mainly reviews the research status and existing problems about the theory of characterization both at home and abroad. The introduction part begins with the translation of the English word "Representation", gives an overall argument and generality for the whole topic, and points out the innovation of the thesis and the paper. The traditional reappearance concept has a big break in the contemporary western theory context, which produces new connotations in different forms. These new connotations can be referred to as "representation concept" or "representation theory" in general. The paper briefly analyzes the "linguistic turn", "post modern turn" and "text". After the transformation, the theoretical insights provided by contemporary western representation theory have been combed and constructed. On this basis, this paper introduces the constructed concept of representation to literary research, and puts forward a series of theoretical viewpoints with certain innovative significance.
The first chapter is the constructive exposition of Contemporary Western representation theory. The emphasis of this article is mainly on the theoretical research and critical practice of Stewart Holzer. The structural linguistics of Saussure, the "Mythology" in Roland Bart's cultural criticism, the discourse theory of Foucault and the "ideology of Al Du Jose" "Theory" is the most important part of Holzer's theory of cultural representation. This thesis, based on Holzer's theory of cultural representation, combines the theoretical views of several theorists above, and systematically analyzes and constructs a representation theory of structuralist semiotics. The theory provides insights and topics as follows: representation of language symbols, meaning The representation of practice is a production of cultural meaning; any representation practice requires the existence of "cultural code". "Cultural code" is the product of a set of social conventions in a specific historical period, an unwritten cultural contract, and the representation practice uses some "cultural code" to produce the sequence of symbols, in fact It is the use of some cultural and ideological values to create a complete and deciphable symbolic text; because the cultural symbol is formed in a specific society and culture, the cultural meaning and value concept produced by the cultural representation practice are also special and historical; the meaning and value system of culture has a realistic effect. It helps to establish the rules, standards and routines that make social life order and control, and thus regulate people's behavior. Therefore, the identification or subversion of the mainstream culture by practice is actually the "intervention" of the real life; the representation practice not only produces only the relevant things (including the fictitious, undesirable things). A series of symbols and the nature of the practice of discourse; the characterization practice produces a series of "main body positions", which attracts the actual individuals to form their own subjectivity and identity; the representation practice is always entangled with various powers and produces the stereotyped image of the "other".
The main content of the second, third and four chapter is the systematic study of literature by using the theory of characterization. The second chapter clearly puts forward several main points of view about literature as a representation practice: literary representation is a production of cultural meaning, cultural significance produced by literary representation and cultural values dominated by special historical period are always maintained. A relationship of construction or subversion; literary representation is a practice. The representation pattern of realistic literature is also a practice. It makes its various routines naturalized through various means; literary representation has the nature of discourse practice. Literary writing is not carried out in cultural vacuum. Literary representation is always with various ideological words. The words "bite" together make all kinds of ideological discourse be produced, copied and circulated in literary discourse. The third chapter analyzes the representation patterns of realism, Romanticism, modernism and postmodernism. These different "doctrine" literature forms their own basic characterization models as a practice. Style: the attitude of writer's writing and cultural intervention, the way of image shaping, the "authenticity" standard and the means of meaning production. The fourth chapter discusses the problem of literary representation and identity identification. The characters portrayed in the literary representation provide many main positions, which are the texts of the individual self, subjectivity and identity identity of the reader. The literary representation is often the construction of a class, nation, sex and racial identity, and the identity or subversion of the cultural identity allowed by the mainstream culture; the production of the stereotyped image of the "other" is also a hotbed of cultural prejudice. However, the "other" always contends for the right of self representation for its own interests. Using his own words to construct a more ideal and more equitable cultural identity, therefore, literary representation is also a place for cultural struggle.
The conclusion of the thesis briefly summarizes the research results of the whole paper.

【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：I0

【引证文献】