《麦琪的礼物》的中英文译本的及物性对比分析

发布时间：2018-04-25 22:16

  本文选题：系统功能语言学 + 及物系统　； 参考：《东北财经大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文对短篇小说《麦琪的礼物》的中英文译本做了及物性对比分析,试图通过对比分析,揭示源语言和目标语之间在及物性系统上的相似性和不同,探索导致这些差异的原因,并且通过分析两种语言的及物模式选择,研究这些模式是如何对内容意义表达起作用的。两种语言在及物性过程的选择上相同或不同也为中文的翻译提供了参考。从这个意义上讲,本文可能为翻译研究提供一个不同的视角。 根据韩礼德的系统功能语言学,语言是以能同时实现三种意义的形式组织的,称之为元功能。元功能包括概念功能,人际功能和语篇功能,而概念功能又由经验功能和逻辑功能组成。经验功能广义上来讲是关于自然世界,主要描述实体和说明事件,这种经验既包括人们的社会经历也包括内心的心理经验。经验元功能主要是通过及物性或者过程类型的选择,以及结合参与者的角色和构造因素来实现。 及物性分析能够揭示在特定的社会环境下,语篇和文本在表达状态、事件、情境和行为时是如何选择语言的,并体现这种表达的个人倾向性和控制能力。自从1971年韩礼德对威廉戈尔丁的长篇小说《继承者》成功地进行及物性分析之后,及物性系统已成为了语篇分析领域实用的分析工具。但是对中英文文本及物性进行对比研究的话语分析还不多见。国内仅见肖思诗在黄国文教授指导下,对《爱丽丝环境奇遇记》的中英文译本做过简单的及物性对比分析。 本文选取欧亨利的短片小说《麦琪的礼物》及由袁英翻译的中文译本作为数据,在此基础上做了对比分析。本文由五章构成。 第一章为本文提供了背景信息。此外,此章提出了本文的研究意义和目标及研究方法。 第二章介绍了及物性系统的概况,对传统语法和功能语法在及物性问题上的观点做了简单介绍。列举了国内外在文学、翻译、及其他领域的对及物性的研究。这一章还对对比分析的研究进行了介绍。 第三章是文本分析的理论基础,叙述了系统功能语言学的发展和特点。详细介绍了及物性的六种过程,即物质过程、心里过程、关系过程、存在过程、言语过程和行为过程。对其他过程参与者及环境因素,也做了简单描述。 第四章是本文的重点,对英文文本及其对应的中文文本进行了及物性分析。通过分析,我们可以发现物质过程在六种过程中所占的比例最大,它与心理过程、关系过程在两种文本中都是主要过程。本章还对比分析了两种版本及物性的相同点和不同点,为第一章所提出的研究问题提供了答案。 本文通过对《麦琪的礼物》的两种文本的对比分析,发现了其在及物性应用中的相同和不同。 其相似性可归结为以下几点：相同首先体现在及物性种类的分配比例上。物质过程、心理过程和关系过程在两种文本里都是主要过程,占据较大比例,而言语过程、存在过程和行为过程则为次要过程。目标语和源语言在每种过程出现的频率上几本保持一致。其次,相似性体现在关系过程中“识别”过程两参与者的可逆性上。因为在英文的识别过程里,参与者具有可逆的特点；而中文的识别者和被识别者一般指的是同一个物体,因此参与者也具有可逆性。 英文和中文及物性的不同点包括：第一,中英文及物性的不同体现在及物性过程和心里过程子类型的划分上。第二点不同体现在谓语的构成上。在英文句子里,谓语是以动词为基础的,且不能被其他形式所替代。而在中文里,谓语的构成不仅局限于动词,还可以是其他形式,如名词、名词词组、介词词组、形容词词组等,这也就导致了及物性过程的不同。这种不同在关系过程中体现的尤为明显。第三,英语倾向于使用被动语态,而我们在英译中时则倾向于把被动转化为主动,引起了及物性中参与者的位置变化。第四,两种译本存在过程转化：英语的关系过程转化为中文的物质过程,而英语的物质过程能转化为中文的心理过程。最后,英语倾向于使用更加“静态”的词,如名词、形容系,而中文则倾向于使用“动态”词性,如动词和副词,这种差异促使译者在翻译时选择不同于源语言的及物性过程类型。 多种因素引起了这些差异。首先是从语法角度考虑：中文是一种意合语言,对于连接词没有强制要求。而英语是一种形合的语言,句子结构比较复杂,从句间的关系必须用连词连接。其次是文化层面的因素：因为语言是服务于使用者的的需要的,而不同文化的人有不同的语言使用习惯,因此一国的语言以一种特定形式构成。再次,译者本身的因素：译者对源语言和目标语的翻译能力和理解程度导致了不同及物性选择类型。 第五章是结论,由三部分构成,总结了本文的主要发现,并提出了其局限性和建议。
[Abstract]:This paper attempts to explore the similarities and differences between source language and target language and explore the causes of these differences by analyzing the similarities and differences between source language and target language . In this sense , this paper may provide a different perspective for translation studies .

According to the system functional linguistics of Hanover , the language is organized in the form of three meanings simultaneously , which is called meta - function . The meta - function consists of concept function , interpersonal function and textual function , and the concept function is composed of experience function and logic function . The empirical function is broadly related to the natural world . It mainly describes the entity and the description event . This experience not only includes the social experience of the people but also the inner psychological experience . The empirical meta - function is mainly realized through the selection of physical property or process type and the role and construction factors of the participants .

The analysis of physical properties can reveal how to select a language in a specific social environment , such as expressing state , event , situation and behavior , and embody the personal tendency and control ability of this expression .

In this paper , a comparative analysis is made on the present paper , which is composed of five chapters , as a gift for the short - film novel of OHenry and the Chinese version translated by Yuan Ying .

Chapter One provides background information . In addition , this chapter presents the research significance and objectives and research methods of this paper .

The second chapter introduces the general situation of physical property system , introduces the viewpoint of traditional grammar and function grammar on physical properties , and gives a brief introduction to the research of literature , translation and other fields at home and abroad . This chapter also introduces the research of comparative analysis .

The third chapter is the theoretical foundation of the text analysis , and describes the development and characteristics of the system function linguistics . The six processes of physical properties , namely the material process , the process of the heart , the process of the relationship , the existence process , the speech process and the behavior process are introduced in detail .

The fourth chapter is the focus of this paper , and analyzes the English text and its corresponding Chinese text . Through the analysis , we can find that the proportion of the material process in the six processes is the largest , it is the main process in the two texts . The chapter also compares the similarities and differences between the two versions and physical properties , and provides the answer for the research problem proposed in Chapter 1 .

In this paper , we find out the same and different in the application of physical properties through the comparative analysis of the two texts of the gift cards of Maggie and Maggie .

The similarity can be attributed to the following points : the same first is embodied in the distribution ratio of physical properties . The process of material , the process of psychology and the relationship process are the main processes in both texts , which occupy a large proportion , while the process of speech , the process of existence and the course of behavior are secondary processes . Secondly , the similarity reflects the reversibility of the two participants in the process of " recognition " .
while the Chinese speaker and the identified person generally refer to the same object , so the participants also have reversibility .

English and Chinese are different from the physical and physical processes and the sub - types of the heart process . The second point is different from the physical process . In the Chinese , the predicate is not only limited to verbs but also other forms , such as noun , noun phrase , prepositional phrase , adjective phrase and so on . In the end , English tends to use more " static " words , such as nouns , noun phrases , prepositional phrases , adjective phrases , etc . In the end , English tends to use " dynamic " terms , such as verbs and adverbial words , which promote the translator to choose different types of physical properties than the source language during translation .

These differences are caused by a variety of factors . Firstly , from the point of view of grammar : Chinese is a kind of semantic language , and there is no mandatory requirement for the connection word . The English is a form of a form . The sentence structure is complex , and the relationship between the clauses must be connected with a connection word . Secondly , it is the cultural dimension : because the language is a specific form of language , the language of a country is formed in a specific form . Thirdly , the translator ' s own factors : the translator ' s ability to translate the source language and the target language leads to different types of physical properties .

The fifth chapter is the conclusion , which consists of three parts , summarizes the main findings of this paper , and puts forward its limitations and recommendations .

【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H315.9;I046

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