从文化语境动态顺应论的角度分析《水浒传》中社交指示语的英译

发布时间：2018-04-27 01:15

本文选题：社交指示语 + 顺应论　；参考：《辽宁大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：世界经济和文化交流高速发展,随之产生的文化问题在翻译界受到越来越多的关注。现如今，文学作品的翻译承担的责任和发挥的作用也比以往更大,不再仅仅是对外介绍一部文学作品,还担负着彰显民族文化特性和对外传播民族文化的任务。尤其是长期以来,中国文学作品在对外翻译的过程中一直存在“以西方文化或价值观为中心”的问题。签于此，与西方文化进行平等对话,并积极传播中文作品所蕴藏的博大精深的汉文化,已成为中国文化保持生命力的内在要求,也是人类文明进步发展的客观需要。而四大名著中的《水浒传》蕴涵了丰富的汉文化,因此它的出现不仅具有文学意义,也是一种文化现象的反映。《水浒传》是我国历史上第一部用白话文写成的章回体小说，在中国和世界文学史上占有极重要的地位。小说以生动流畅的白话口语为基础,语言自然、通俗生动、贴近生活,是中国白话文学的一座里程碑。而其中包含的大量社交指示语，很具时代特色，而其中包含的大量社交指示语，很具时代特色，反映了我国宗法制度、社会风貌、礼仪习俗等方面的内容，值得展开深入研究。本论文拟探讨《水浒传》中社交指示语的英译。社交指示语是指示语的一个重要组成部分。它反映出了语言使用者的社会地位及语言使用者之间的社会关系。社交指示语包括人称代词和表示称谓的词。本论文只探讨后者。由于中西社会文化发展的进程不同，社交指示语也蕴含着不同的社会文化内涵。尤其是中国长期受到儒家思想和封建礼教的影响，人们形成了一种长幼有序，，男女有别的宗法关系。在维护这种等级森严的封建秩序中，社交指示语的作用非同小可。因此汉语中有庞大的亲属称谓系统和尊人卑己的敬称和谦称系统。英美由于受基督文化的影响，崇尚个人价值,强调表现自我，而且西方以核心家庭为主，只有父子母女之间的关系比较清楚，其余的关系则非常笼统模糊，故其社交亲属称谓相当简单，缺少谦称词汇，敬称词汇也极少。因此，汉语社交指示语的英译非常困难。社交指示语本身也会随着社会的不断发展变化而发生变化。再加上英汉文化差异，导致汉语社交指示语在英语中出现了大量的词汇空缺和文化空缺现象。因此在英译汉语社交指示语时，要完全忠实、准确无误的传递原语的信息是非常难的。本文以沙博理的《水浒传》英译本为研究对象，所选取的语料均来自语料库，并且对《水浒传》中的社交指示语进行了详尽的分类并进行了大量的译例分析，试图从文化语境动态顺应视角探讨社交指示语英译中的隐含文化信息传递。本文以耶夫.维索尔伦的动态顺应论为理论指导，在文化语境中研究社交指示语的翻译。研究结果表明应该在文化语境中进行社交指示语的翻译，因为在不同的文化语境中同一个社交指示语有不同的含义，因此社交指示语的翻译应在文化语境中进行。顺应文化语境不仅可以决定是否需要传递社交指示语所含文化信息，而且也是解决汉语社交指示语在英语中出现了大量的词汇空缺和文化空缺现象的一个很好途径,顺应不同的文化语境就需要采用不同的翻译方法和策略。本论文有三部分组成即导论、主体、和结论。主要内容如下：第一部分是论文的导论。回顾了先前关于社交指示语的文献综述，并指出本论文是从一个新的角度即从文化语境动态顺应视角来探索社交指示语的翻译。还介绍了本论文的理论框架以及本论文研究的目的和现实意义。第二部分是本论文的主体部分，分为四章：第一章分为文献综述，分为四节。第一节主要介绍了国内外学者对指示语和社交指示语的研究。第二节主要介绍了汉语社交指示语和英语社交指示语的研究，中英社交指示语的相同点和不同点，以及造成中英社交指示语相同点和不同点的原因。第三节介绍了本论文的理论框架。介绍了语境的定义和分类，文化和文化语境，动态顺应理论以及文化语境动态顺应和它在翻译中的作用。顺应论是由国际语用学协会秘书长、比利时语用学家耶夫.维索尔伦提出的，并在1999年出版了专著《语用学新解》。维索尔伦认为，语用学应该研究语言的变异性、商讨性和顺应性。对于语言顺应来说，维索尔伦认为需要同时考察四个方面：顺应的语境相关因素；顺应的结构对象；顺应的动态过程；顺应过程的意识凸显程度，其中动态顺应是该理论的核心第四节。主要介绍了《水浒传》中社交指示语的分类。《水浒传》不仅是一部古代文学名著，而且也是一部反映中国古代文化的百科全书，其中有大量的社交指示语。本论文将他们分为了三类：亲属称谓，敬称，以及谦称。亲属称谓分了三类即与长辈相关的亲属词；反应男女之间区别的亲属词；反映家族成员之间区别的亲属词。敬称分为与听话者亲属相关的敬称；与说话者上级相关的敬称；与长辈相关的敬称。谦称分为与说话者相关的谦称和与说话者亲属相关的谦称。第二章主要介绍了文化语境动态顺应下亲属词的翻译。即与长辈相关的亲属词的翻译；反应男女之间区别的亲属词的翻译；反映家族成员之间区别的亲属词的翻译。第三章主要介绍了文化语境动态顺应下敬称的翻译。即与听话者亲属相关的敬称的翻译；与说话者上级相关的敬称的翻译；与长辈相关的敬称的翻译。第四章主要介绍了文化语境动态顺应下谦称的翻译。即与说话者相关的谦称的翻译；与说话者亲属相关的谦称的翻译。第三部分是本论文的结论。该部分对本论文进行了总结，指出了本研究的贡献和不足之处，本文仅以沙博理的《水浒传》英译本为研究对象，没有与其他译本进行比较，所以选取的材料是不足的；其次一些社交指示语在小说中出现了不止一次，但由于时间限制本论文并没有一一列举，因此，如果可能的话，可以对小说中社交指示语进行更深入的研究，使结论更有说服力。本论文还提出了一些对将来研究的建议。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of world economic and cultural exchanges, more and more attention has been paid to cultural problems in the translation field. Nowadays, the translation of literary works is more responsible and plays a greater role than in the past. It is no longer only to introduce a literary work to the outside world, but also to highlight the characteristics of national culture and to disseminate the national culture to the outside world. In the course of a long period of time, Chinese literary works have always been "centered on Western culture or values" in the process of foreign translation. It is an inherent necessity for Chinese culture to maintain the vitality of Chinese culture by engaging in an equal dialogue with western culture and actively spreading the profound and profound Chinese culture contained in Chinese works. It is also an objective need for the progress and development of human civilization, and the "Water Margin" of the four famous works contains rich Chinese culture, so its appearance is not only of literary significance, but also a reflection of cultural phenomenon.
"Shui Hu biography" is the first novel in Chinese and world literature. It occupies an important position in the history of Chinese and world literature. The novel is based on the vivid and fluent colloquial spoken language. It is a natural, lively and close to life language. It is a milestone in Chinese vernacular literature. A large number of social deixis which are characteristic of the times, which reflect the contents of Chinese patriarchal system, social style and etiquette and custom, are worthy of further research.
This thesis intends to discuss the English translation of social deixis in the water margin. Social deixis is an important part of the deixis. It reflects the social status of the language users and the social relations between the language users. The social deixis includes the personal pronouns and the words expressing the appellation. Different social and cultural connotations are also contained in social deixis. In particular, China has been influenced by Confucianism and feudal ethics for a long time. People have formed a kind of long and orderly relationship with men and women. The role of social deixis in the maintenance of this hierarchical feudal order is so small that the role of the social deixis is very small. In the language, there are huge kinship appellations and respecting and humbling systems. British and American worship of personal value, emphasize self, and the west is dominated by the core family because of the influence of Christian culture, and the relationship between the parents and the mother and daughter is clear, the rest is very vague, so the social relative appellation is equivalent. It is simple, lack of humility vocabulary and few honorific words. Therefore, the English translation of Chinese social deixis is very difficult. The social deixis itself will change with the continuous development and change of the society. And the cultural differences in English and Chinese have resulted in a large number of lexical gaps and cultural vacancies in the Chinese social deixis. It is very difficult to faithfully convey the information of the original language when translating the social deixis in English to Chinese.
In this paper, the corpus of "Water Margin" and English translation of shario is the subject of the study. The selected corpus is used as a self language library, and a detailed classification of the social deixis in the "Water Margin" is carried out in detail and a large number of translation examples are carried out to explore the implied cultural information transmission in the English translation of social indication from the perspective of the dynamic adaptation of the cultural context. The dynamic adaptation theory of jefferland is guided by the theory and studies the translation of social deixis in the cultural context. The results show that the translation of social deixis should be carried out in the cultural context, because the same social deixis in different cultural contexts has different meanings, so the translation of social deixis should be in the cultural context. Conforming to cultural context can not only determine whether it is necessary to transmit cultural information contained in social deixis, but also a good way to solve the large number of lexical gaps and cultural vacancies in the Chinese social deixis in the English language. It is necessary to adopt different translation methods and strategies to adapt to different cultural contexts.
This thesis consists of three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion.
The first part is the introduction of the paper. It reviews the previous literature review on social deixis and points out that this thesis is a new perspective to explore the translation of Social Deixis from the perspective of the dynamic adaptation of cultural context. The theoretical framework of this thesis and the purpose and practical significance of this thesis are also introduced.
The second part is the main body of this thesis, which is divided into four chapters.
The first chapter is divided into four sections. The first section mainly introduces the study of deixis and social deixis by scholars at home and abroad. The second section mainly introduces the study of Chinese social deixis and English social deixis, the similarities and differences of Chinese and English social deixis, and the similarities and differences of social deixis. The third section introduces the theoretical framework of this paper. It introduces the definition and classification of context, the cultural and cultural context, the dynamic adaptation theory and the dynamic adaptation of the cultural context and its role in translation. The adaptation theory is proposed by the Secretary General of the international pragmatics Association, Belgian pragmatist YYF verberun, and in 1999 Weisl Len believes that pragmatics should study the variability, negotiability and adaptability of language. For linguistic adaptation, Weisl Len believes that four aspects need to be examined at the same time: contextual related factors of adaptation; the structural object of adaptation; the dynamic process of adaptation; the degree of awareness of the adaptation process, Dynamic adaptation is the core of the fourth section of the theory. It mainly introduces the classification of social deixis in the "Water Margin". "Water Margin" is not only a famous ancient literary book, but also an encyclopedia reflecting the ancient Chinese culture. There are a large number of social deixis. This paper divides them into three categories: kinship appellations, honorific, Relative terms are divided into three categories of relative words related to elders; relative words that reflect the difference between men and women; relative words reflecting the difference between family members. Respect is divided into respect related to the kinship of the hearer; a respect related to the speaker's superiors; a respect related to the elders. Humility is divided into the humility related to the speaker. A humility associated with a speaker's kinship.
The second chapter mainly introduces the translation of kinship words under the dynamic adaptation of the cultural context, that is, the translation of relative words related to the elders, the translation of the kinship words that reflect the difference between men and women, and the translation of the family words that reflect the difference between the family members.
The third chapter mainly introduces the honorific translation of the dynamic adaptation of the cultural context. That is, the honorific translation related to the listener's relatives; the honorific translation related to the speaker's superiors; the honorific translation related to the elders.
The fourth chapter mainly introduces the humility translation of the dynamic adaptation of the cultural context, namely the humility related to the speaker, and the modest translation related to the speaker's relatives.
The third part is the conclusion of this paper. This part summarizes the thesis and points out the contributions and shortcomings of this study. This article only takes sharibo's "Water Margin" as the research object, and does not compare with the other versions, so the selected materials are insufficient; some of their social deixis appear in the novel. Once, but the time limit is not enumerated one by one, so, if possible, it is possible to make a more thorough study of the social deixis in the novel, making the conclusion more convincing. This paper also puts forward some suggestions for future research.

【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H315.9;I046

【参考文献】