文学述行：当代西方文论中的言语行为视域

发布时间：2018-05-16 15:46

本文选题：言语行为 + 文学述行　；参考：《北京师范大学》2008年博士论文

【摘要】： 由奥斯汀首创,格莱斯和塞尔等人不断发展完善的言语行为理论给当代西方文论带来了自索绪尔引发的语言论转向以后的又一次重要冲击。在其直接启发和影响下产生的文学述行理论,既关注文学作品建构文本内部世界的行为,也考察文学话语作为一种指向现实世界的实践行为,即文学在创造现实、改变现实或影响现实方面的“行事”作用。学术界在经历激烈论争和探索之后,一般认为,文学也是一种言语行为,文学话语也是述行话语,它用特定的方式以言行事。文学述行理论使文学同时摆脱了单一的指涉性和封闭的自足性。它一方面认为文学并不指涉外在世界,也不以反映外在世界为指归,而是建构了一个独立的文本世界。另一方面又认为文本也不是一个自足系统,而是一个生产观念、事件和世界的自在自为的场所。作者、读者、语境等在其中的互动是文本成功述行的必要条件。它将文本的想象性和真实性、虚拟世界与现实世界、文本内与文本外、内容与形式、表述与述行等方面辩证地统一起来,表现出了宽广的理论包容性。全文共分六章: 绪论主要分析言语行为与文学述行概念的内涵,探讨文学述行理论的生成语境以及梳理关于文学述行的国内外研究现状。第1章“文学话语的述行可能”,概述奥斯汀、塞尔以及奥赫曼等人对文学话语是否具有述行性的探讨,厘清文学话语与日常话语之间的关系。第2章“文学话语的述行形态”,分别讨论费什、德里达、德曼和米勒等人对文学话语是何种述行的相关论述,考察文学述行的诸种不同表现形式,勾勒出文学述行的不同侧面:即通过读者行事的文学述行、作为“典范”的文学述行、作为修辞的文学述行以及与表述合一的文学述行等特质。第3章“文学述行的规约与语境”,主要论述自言语行为理论产生以来一直都很关注的关于述行有效性、述行实现条件等问题;阐释文学述行理论既继承言语行为理论关于规约与语境的立场,又考察文学述行中特有的阐释语境、述行模式与述行伦理等问题。第4章“文学述行与意义生产”,讨论文学述行与文学意义生产之间的密切关系,重点分析费什的读者阐释行为观、德曼的文学修辞学以及米勒的双重阅读等文本意义生产方式的内涵。第5章“文学述行的运作机制”,综合论述文学述行发挥现实社会作用时必须具备的运作机制,指出自我赋权、读者行动以及多重合作是当代文学述行理论中的普遍认识。第6章“文学述行与现实社会”,主要探讨文学述行理论中文学与现实的复杂关系问题。与摹仿说不同的是,文学述行理论质疑现实或日常语言的霸权地位和文学的屈从地位,主张文学文本与社会现实之间开放、多元和互文的关系。结语简要论述文学述行的融合性、建构性等理论特征及其迈向文化述行的发展趋势。
[Abstract]:The continuous development of speech act theory by Austin Grice and Searle brought another important impact to contemporary western literary theory after Saussure's linguistic theory turned to language theory. Under its direct inspiration and influence, literary narrative theory not only pays attention to the behavior of literary works in constructing the inner world of text, but also examines literary discourse as a practical act pointing to the real world, that is, literature is creating reality. To alter or influence the "act" of reality. After heated debates and explorations, it is generally believed that literature is also a speech act, and literary discourse is a discourse of words and deeds, and it uses a specific way to do things in words and deeds. The theory of literary narration makes literature get rid of single referential and closed self-sufficiency simultaneously. On the one hand, it holds that literature does not refer to the foreign affairs in the world, nor does it refer to the reflection of the external world, but it constructs an independent text world. On the other hand, the text is not a self-contained system, but a production concept, events and the world. The interaction of author, reader and context is a necessary condition for the successful line of the text. It dialectically unifies the imagination and authenticity of the text, the virtual world and the real world, the text inside and outside the text, the content and form, the expression and the line, and so on, showing broad theoretical inclusiveness. The full text is divided into six chapters: The preface mainly analyzes the connotation of the concepts of speech act and literary description, probes into the context of the formation of literary theory and combs the present situation of domestic and international research on literary description and practice. Chapter 1, "the possibility of Literary discourse", summarizes Austen, Searle and Ohrman's discussion on whether literary discourse is descriptive or not, and clarifies the relationship between literary discourse and daily discourse. Chapter 2, "the form of narrative and behavior of Literary discourse", respectively discusses the related expositions of what literary discourse is written by Fisher, Derrida, Derman and Hans Muller, and examines the different forms of expression of literary discourse. This paper outlines the different aspects of literary narration, that is, the characteristics of literary narration through readers, literary narration as "model", literary narrative as rhetoric, and literary narration combined with expression, and so on. Chapter 3, "the Regulation and context of Literary narration", mainly discusses the problems about the validity of the line and the condition of the realization of the line, which have been paid close attention to since the theory of speech act came into being. The hermeneutic theory not only inherits the position of the speech act theory on the regulation and context, but also examines the unique explanatory context, the mode of the narrative and the ethics of the narrative in the literary narrative. Chapter 4, "Literary narration and meaning production", discusses the close relationship between literary narration and literary meaning production, and focuses on the analysis of Fisher's view of reader's interpretive behavior. Derman's literary rhetoric and Hans Muller's dual reading are the connotations of the production mode of text meaning. Chapter 5, "the operational Mechanism of Literary narration and practice", synthetically discusses the operational mechanism which must be possessed when literary narration plays a social role in reality, and points out that self-empowerment, reader's action and multiple cooperation are the universal cognition in contemporary literary theory of narrative and practice. Chapter 6, "Literary narration and realistic Society", mainly discusses the complex relationship between Chinese theory and reality. Different from the imitation theory, the theory of literary narration questions the hegemonic status of reality or daily language and the subservient position of literature, and advocates the relationship between literary text and social reality, pluralism and intertextuality. The conclusion briefly discusses the theoretical features of the blending and constructivism of literary narration and its developing trend towards cultural narration and practice.
【学位授予单位】：北京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：I06

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