对话诗学研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 17:49

本文选题：对话诗学 + 中西兼融　；参考：《上海师范大学》2008年博士论文

【摘要】： 诗学对话的理论原型是哲学对话,而无论哲学对话还是诗学对话的“对话”,都是对人们语言活动中的“对话”的借用,也就是说它们都是一种比喻性的概念,其实质则是一种平等的关系结构、交流模式,这种关系结构或交流模式又因主体和文本、主体和主体、文本和文本的具体的关系结构“要素”的不同而有特殊的差异,使这种对话性结构表现出种种不同的具体形态。对话诗学是关于对话性的文学活动的理论体系,它代表着当代文学理论的一种新的转型,而这转型在理论基础上则是受了当代哲学转型的影响。西方哲学严格地说至迟从康德哲学开始已经出现一种“原发居中”的思维转型,至尼采对非理性的权力意志的标举、对古希腊“双神”(日神-酒神)文化原型结构的重新发掘、张扬,使西方哲学明显形成“非理性”对“理性逻各斯中心”的否定和抗衡,此时,一种哲学上的“对话主义”其实已经开始悄悄地浮出水面。此后,如果说胡塞尔现象学的“原发居中”、“主体间性”还具有较浓厚的理性和“唯我论”色彩的话,至海德格尔的“天-地-人-神”“圆舞”和“诗与思的对话”则已是更为纯正的“对话哲学”了。而至巴赫金的“对话主义”,则更是典型的哲学对话论了。受巴赫金的“对话主义”的影响,后现代互文性理论、标举“异”和多元共存的后现代综合化思潮,都自觉不自觉地进入了“对话哲学”的场域,无形中同“对话主义”、“主体间性”、“原发居中”乃至于西方早期的“和谐中道”和古希腊的“双神对话结构”等等,连缀起了一个渊源有自的对话论谱系,它们共同构成了西方对话哲学在当代的合唱和交响局面。受哲学对话理论的影响,西方文学理论也逐渐出现以“对话论”为基本原型模式的理论体系,如早期的“和谐论”诗学、象征主义的“应和”性的“象征理论”、新批评的“语境对话”结构、现象学的“空白-召唤框架”、接受美学的“接受对话论”、“复调小说理论”的“对话主义”、读者反应批评的“反应对话动力模型”、“互文性”的“文本对话之网”、后现代“众声喧哗”的“综合对话”思潮等等。中国哲学在根本上是一种与西方哲学完全不同的“内合”性结构,简单地说就是“以己度物”、“以人合天”,它不同于西方的“两分对立”的“技术模式”、“实在理性”等文化模式,而是以“生命模式”、“气化理性”为特征的“内化”、“统合”的“和合”模式。这决定了中国哲学在根本性质上就具有一种“对话性”——相对平等的“和合”性的关系模式,是中国式的“框架对话”、“结构对话”、和“内对话”、“隐对话”模式。具体的表现形态如“天人关系”、“道和”、“儒和”、“禅和”和“生态和合”。其典型的哲学-文化范式则是“阴阳交感论”和“生态和合论”。受中国哲学这种“内化”、“统合”的对话模式影响,中国诗学一般也具有一种内在的“对话性”,即它一般也都脱离不开“天人合一”、“气化理性”、“阴阳交感”、“生态和合”的哲学-文化基础,相反则以它们为自己的“结构”和“内质”,形成中国式的对话诗学理论,如“感物说”、“道文说”、“神思-兴-妙悟说”、“象与象外说”、“以意逆志与品味说”、“中和说”、“意境说”、“游于艺说”等。从体系建构的意义上看,中西对话诗学的最高理论形态分别是“感物-意境-游”之“潜体系”,和“复调小说理论”、“互文性理论”。严格地说,都不够理想和完善。而新的更为理想和完善的对话诗学体系,应该是自觉地以中西相关哲学资源为基础,全面整合、吸收已有的中西对话诗学资源,在更高更广的理论视野基点上,实现兼融中西;跨越前现代、现代、后现代;打通哲学、美学、诗学和文化等壁垒的综合性建构。其逻辑起点是“人的对话性和文学的对话性”,即从人和文学的本体性存在特征入手,探寻诗学对话论的人学和文学根基。其根基在理论上,则是由“人的非自足性”、“人的意识的能动投射性与收受性”、“人的活动的语言符号性”、“文学的‘关系结构’性”、“文学的文本性”、“文学性即诗意的对话性”等理论得以确立的。新的对话诗学体系,是由特定的范畴、结构而建构起来的,它本身则首先应该在本质上得到界定,这样,“文学对话的本质界定”、“对话诗学的本质界定”;“文学对话活动的基本要素”与“文学对话过程”的阐论、“对话诗学的基本概念、范畴”的界定和“对话诗学的结构体系”的勾勒等,就成了这一体系的基础工程,同时也是它的“主体”工程。对话诗学的基本概念、范畴有:人的非自足性、意识的能动投射性与收受性、人的活动的语言符号性、文学的关系结构性、文本性、诗意对话性、文学对话、对话诗学、主体、文本、语境、阐释模式、对话动机、对话姿态、同化、顺应、物境、情境、理境、入与出、遇合与激活、选择与遮蔽、场有(包括:前有、现有、将有、显有、潜有)、场域(包括:前场域、现场域、显场域、潜场域、基因场域、生成场域、流派场域、主体场域、文本场域、想象性场域、内场域、外场域、小场域、大场域、物质场域、精神场域、直接场域、间接场域、场域之魅态化等)、在体性、处身性、谱系、范式、原型、魅态文化、哲性、诗性、神性、魅幻、魅超、潜对话、显对话、外对话、内对话、复对话,等等。从体系结构看,新的对话诗学包括历史篇和建构篇两大部分。“历史篇”包括中国的对话哲学、诗学,西方的对话哲学、诗学四个单元;“建构篇”包括:本体基础论、体系论、场域维度论、谱系维度论、范式维度论、原型维度论、魅态文化维度论等。 “建构篇”的基本观点是:人和文学在本体上都是对话性的;对话诗学是通过一系列基本的概念、范畴、结构建立起来的理论体系;文学对话具有场域性,总是在一定的场域中发生和展开的,如基因场域、生成场域、流派场域、主体场域、文本场域等。场域是特定的关系结构、关系模式,它为文学对话提供或规定了特定的时空组合结构;文学对话也表现为某种同宗同源的谱系结构,是某特定谱系内的互文或交流模式;文学对话还表现为范式和原型之间的对话结构。比较起来,谱系着眼的是文学对话的同宗同源或同流性;范式着眼的是文学对话之某种观念、技术的“操作模式”维度;原型着眼的则是文学对话之某种无意识的心理图式、心理结构维度;最后,魅态文化则是文学对话赖以存在的大文化基础、或最基础的文化地基、文化土壤。如果说把文学对话比作一棵参天大树的话,那么,魅态文化就是这棵大树赖以扎根的大地,和进行化合反应的阳光、空气,以至于使它不致干枯的水分。或总括成一句话,是它得以发生的宏观的根本条件。同时,文学本身就是魅态文化的高级形式,其“对话”的合理支撑正来自于文学作为典型的魅态文化形式所具有的“魅幻”、“魅超”品性。
[Abstract]:The theoretical prototype of the poetics dialogue is philosophical dialogue, and both philosophical dialogue and the "dialogue" of the poetics dialogue are the borrowing of "dialogues" in people's language activities, that is, they are a figurative concept, and the real quality is an equal relationship structure, communication mode, such relationship structure or mode of communication. The subject and text, the subject and the subject, the specific relationship structure of the text and the text are different and have special differences, making this dialogic structure various specific forms.
The dialogic poetics is a theoretical system of dialogic literary activities, which represents a new transformation of contemporary literary theory, which is influenced by the transformation of contemporary philosophy on the basis of theory. Western philosophy has been strictly speaking from Kantian philosophy to a "original center" transformation, to Nietzsche. The non rational will of power will rediscover the archetypal structure of the ancient Greek "double God" (Dionysus - Dionysus) and make the western philosophy clear the negative and counterbalance of "irrational" to "the center of rational logos". At this time, a philosophical "dialogism" has begun to emerge quietly. It is said that Husserl's phenomenology is "primary center", "intersubjectivity" has a strong sense of rationalism and "rationalism", and Heidegger's "heaven to man God" "round dance" and "dialogue between poetry and thought" are more pure "dialogic philosophy", and Bakhtin's "dialogism" is more typical. With the influence of "dialogism" by Bakhtin, the postmodern intertextuality theory, the postmodern integration trend of "different" and multiple coexistence, consciously and unconsciously entered the field of "dialogic philosophy". It is invisible to "dialogism", "intersubjectivity", "original residence" as in the early western countries. The "Harmony middle way" and the ancient Greek "double God dialogue structure" have been linked to a profound dialogism pedigree, which together constitute the chorus and symphony of the Western dialogic philosophy in the contemporary era.
Influenced by the theory of philosophical dialogue, western literary theory has gradually emerged as the theoretical system of "dialogism" as the basic prototype model, such as the early "harmony" poetics, the "and" "and" "symbolic theory" of symbolism, the "context dialogue" structure of the new criticism, the "blank call frame" of the modern science, and the acceptance of aesthetics. "Dialogue theory", "dialogism" in "polyphonic novel theory", "dynamic model of reaction dialogue" for readers' response criticism, "intertextuality" "network of text dialogues", "comprehensive dialogue" in post-modern "public noise", and so on.
The Chinese philosophy is fundamentally different from the western philosophy, which is simply a "internal" structure that is different from that of the western philosophy. It is simply a "" "with oneself" and "man in the sky". It is different from the western "dual antagonism" of "technical model", "real reason" and other cultural patterns, but is characterized by "life pattern" and "gasification reason". "Internalization", "integration" model, which determines the fundamental nature of Chinese philosophy has a "dialogue" - the relative equality of the "harmony" relationship model, is the Chinese style "framework dialogue", "structural dialogue", "internal dialogue", "implicit dialogue" mode. Specific expression forms such as "heaven and man". System, "Tao and", "Confucianism and harmony", "Zen" and "ecology and harmony". Its typical philosophical cultural paradigm is "Yin Yang sympathetic theory" and "ecological harmony theory".
Influenced by the "Internalization" and the dialogue mode of "integration" in Chinese philosophy, Chinese poetics generally also has an inherent "dialogue". In other words, it is generally separated from the philosophical and cultural basis of "the unity of heaven and man", "gasification reason", "Yin and Yang sympathetic", "ecology" and "harmony". On the contrary, they are their own "structure" and their own "structure". "Internal quality" forms a Chinese style of dialogic poetics theory, such as "sense of things", "Dao Wen said", "God thought - Xing - Wu Wei", "like with the elephant", "say" with taste and taste "," Neutralization "," artistic conception "," artistic theory "and so on.
In the sense of system construction, the highest theoretical forms of the Chinese and western dialogues are "the latent system", the theory of Polyphony and the theory of intertextuality. Strictly speaking, the Chinese and Western poetics are not ideal and perfect. The new and more ideal and perfect system of the poetics should be consciously based on the Chinese and Western related philosophers. On the basis of learning resources, comprehensive integration, absorption of existing Chinese and Western dialogical poetics resources, on the basis of a higher and broader theoretical horizon, the integration of the integration of Chinese and western, across the pre modern, modern, post-modern, and the comprehensive construction of barriers to philosophy, aesthetics, poetics and culture. The logical starting point is "the dialogism of human beings and the dialogue of literature", that is, from people On the basis of the characteristics of the ontological existence of literature, it explores the humanism and literary foundation of the poetics dialogue theory. The theory of sex is poetic dialogism.
The new system of dialogic poetics is constructed by a specific category and structure. It itself should be defined in essence, so that "the essence of the dialogue of literature", "the essence of dialogue Poetics", "the basic elements of the dialogue activity of literature" and "the process of literary dialogue", "the basic concept of dialogue poetics." The definition of "category" and the outline of "the structural system of dialogue Poetics" have become the basic engineering of this system, and also its "main body" project.
The basic concepts of dialogic poetics are: non self sufficiency of people, dynamic projection and acceptance of consciousness, language symbolism of human activities, the structure of literary relations, textual, poetic dialogism, literary dialogues, dialogue poetics, subject, text, context, interpretation mode, dialogue motivation, dialogue attitude, assimilation, adaptation, material, situation and environment, The field has a field (including: front field, field domain, field domain, field domain, field domain, field domain, field domain, field domain, field domain, field domain, field domain, field domain, field domain, field domain, field domain, field domain, field domain, field domain, field domain, field domain, material field, spiritual field, direct field. The field, the indirect field, the enchantment of the field, etc., in physical, physical, genealogy, paradigm, prototype, phantom culture, philosophic, poetic, divine, phantom, phantom, phantom, dialogue, dialogue, dialogue, dialogue, dialogue, and so on.
From the view of architecture, the new dialogical poetics includes two parts of history and construction. "Historical text" includes Chinese dialogic philosophy, poetics, Western dialogue philosophy and four units of poetics; "construction" includes: ontology, system, field dimension, spectral dimension, paradigm dimension, prototype dimension, charm culture. Theory and so on.
The basic point of view of "construction" is that man and literature are conversational in noumenon; dialogic poetics is a theoretical system established through a series of basic concepts, categories and structures; literary dialogues are of field, always occurring and unfolded in a certain field, such as gene field, field domain, school field, subject field, text Field domain is a specific relationship structure, relation model, which provides or stipulates a specific space-time combination structure for literary dialogues; literary dialogue is also shown as a genealogical structure of a homologous family, intertextuality or communication pattern within a particular genealogy; literary dialogue is also a dialogue structure between paradigms and archetype. The focus is on the homology or the homology of the literary dialogues. The paradigm focuses on the concept of literary dialogue, the "operation mode" dimension of technology, and the archetype of the unconscious psychological schema of literary dialogue, the psychological structure dimension, and the last, the great cultural basis, or the basis of the existence of the literary dialogue. The foundation, the cultural foundation, the cultural soil. If the literary dialogue is compared to a big tree, the culture is the root of the tree, the sun, the air, so that it does not dry up. Or, in a word, it is the macro basic condition that it takes place. Itself is the advanced form of the culture of the phantom, and the rational support of its "dialogue" is derived from the "phantom" and "the charm" character of literature as a typical phantom cultural form.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：I0-02

【引证文献】