《榆树下的欲望》与《雷雨》主题与人物对比研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 21:21

本文选题：《榆树下的欲望》 + 《雷雨》　；参考：《辽宁大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 美国戏剧大师尤金·奥尼尔被认为是美国的“现代戏剧之父”。他一生创作了大量的现实主义剧作,曾三次获普利策奖,并在1936年获得诺贝尔文学奖。其剧作《榆树下的欲望》在1924年上演后获得强烈反响。曹禺,中国现代著名剧作家,他的处女作《雷雨》上演后反响强烈,有评论认为,这是中国戏剧史上第一部真正意义上的悲剧。《雷雨》的诞生奠定了曹禺作为中国现代戏剧第一人的地位,同时也为中国戏剧发展开拓了道路。可以说,奥尼尔和曹禺是在二十世纪的美国和中国文坛各领风骚的戏剧大师,他们的影响早已超出一国范围而遍及世界。近年来随着比较文学研究的兴起,越来越多的学者从不同的角度对二者进行对比研究。本文拟采用比较文学中平行研究的方法,从二者的个人经历,剧中人物和作品主题三个方面对作品进行对比分析。本论文由引言,正文和结论三部分组成。引言部分主要介绍了奥尼尔和曹禺在国际上的研究状况,本论文所采取的研究方法,研究目的,创新之处以及本研究的意义。第二部分为本文的正文部分,共分三章。第一章主要从二位剧作者所受的影响角度进行平行对比研究,包括二者的生活经历的影响和社会时代的影响两个方面。首先是两位作家家庭背景的介绍,其中包括双方所受教育和人生经历中具有重大影响的事件。奥尼尔和曹禺不但是杰出的戏剧家,而且也是优秀的戏剧演员。奥尼尔的父亲是美国著名的莎剧演员,父亲的后台就是奥尼尔的启蒙之地,这里是他走向戏剧之路的开端,用他自己的话说就是戏剧是他血液的一部分。无独有偶,曹禺生长的环境也与戏剧有密切联系。三岁起,他的继母就抱着他去戏园子看戏。幼年的启蒙已为两位作家今后的艺术之路奠定了良好的基石。长大后,奥尼尔经历丰富,开始真正从事戏剧写作,而曹禺在南开中学读书时就开始阅读戏剧并时常登台演出,大学时有主修西方文学专业,这些都为他今后从事戏剧创作提供了丰富的知识和素材。二者相似的生活经历是促成作品相似的原因之一。奥尼尔母亲吸毒,其父亲对子女缺乏关爱,曹禺童年时缺乏母爱,生活的家庭压抑沉闷,这些都在双方的剧作中有着不同程度的体现。文学作品植根于社会,反映社会。当时的社会现实也深刻影响着这两位作家。奥尼尔时代是美国危机四伏,经济萧条的时代,曹禺写作的时候国人也正生活在水深火热之中,内有军阀混战,外有强敌入侵。作家用笔抨击时政,奥尼尔与曹禺当然也不例外,这就使得创作的双方在作品中出现了清教主义与人性和资本主义与封建主义的斗法。奥尼尔和曹禺还深受西方经典戏剧美学的影响和熏陶,其中包括古希腊悲剧,莎士比亚悲剧和西方现代戏剧。希腊是西方文明的发源地,也是戏剧艺术的故乡。提起戏剧,曾有“言必称希腊”之说。在奥尼尔和曹禺的剧作中,出现了俄狄浦斯情结,这可以与古希腊的经典悲剧进行相互的印证;莎士比亚戏剧是西方戏剧的里程碑,其剧作影响了一代又一代的读者和作家,在情节的组织上对这两部剧的影响尤为明显;易卜生的批判现实主义剧作中对社会问题的触及和斯特林堡剧作中的对剧中人物内心的描写与刻画在《榆树下的欲望》和《雷雨》中都有不同程度的体现。第二章要主要对两部剧中的人物进行对比研究,主要用三组人物,即凯勃特和周朴园,爱碧和繁漪,伊本和周萍。尽管凯勃特和周朴园分属于不同的国度和作品,但在他们身上却有着某些相似之处,他们都戴着虚伪的道德假面,他们都是等级制度的卫道士。凯勃特对清教主义的笃信,周朴园对封建家长制度的维护,凯勃特的固执,周朴园的霸道,凯勃特对土地强烈的占有欲,周朴园对雇工的剥削,这些性格上的相似为最终的悲剧性结局提供了可能性。奥尼尔和曹禺并不是女性主义作家,但关于女性的刻画却都让人难忘。叛逆,勇敢,向往自由,对爱情的执着,对自己身份地位的不满,构成了爱碧和繁漪性格的相似点。与之形成映衬的是剧中男性人物,即伊本和周萍。二者分享着没有母爱的童年,同样生活在两个不同却相似的家庭,在二者的身上,我们可以清晰地感知酒神精神和日神精神所进行的激烈得斗法,正是这种性格上的二元性把他们推向了悲剧的苦难中。在对比二者性格的同时,论文还将进一步论述由于这种性格而造成的悲剧结局的细微差别。正是这种细微的差别表明东西方在文化和价值观等诸多方面存在着不同。本章旨在通过进行人物对比,挖掘其人物性格,剖析人物间的矛盾冲突,以达到深刻理解两部剧作的目的,同时人物的对比也为下一章的主题的比较提供依据。第三章主要对《榆树下的欲望》和《雷雨》的主题进行对比剖析。在以往的比较文学研究中,太多的学者把关注的焦点集中在乱伦之爱的比较研究上,而忽视了这两部作品的多主题性。本章拟从欲望、冲突、和命运这三个方面去挖掘作品深刻的主题。《榆树下的欲望》中主要描写了两种欲望,即物质性欲望和爱欲。前者表现为剧中人物对黄金和农场的占有欲望,而后者主要表现为爱碧和伊本的乱伦,这使得双方终于走向悲剧的归宿。在《雷雨》中,曹禺也安排了类似的情节,借鲁大海与周朴园来展现物质欲望,借周繁漪和周萍,周萍和鲁四凤来表现性的欲望,从而导致人物悲剧性的结局。冲突,是戏剧中重要组成部分之一,悲剧结局正是剧中矛盾冲突激化的结果。《榆树下的欲望》和《雷雨》是两部充满了矛盾的剧。由于各自占有不同的欲望,使得人物在进行着激烈的斗争,从而推动人物一步步走向悲剧性的结局。命运是构成两部悲剧的主要动因。超自然的力量制造了一系列的偶然性事件,正是这些偶然性事件的发生把剧中人物推向了毁灭性的结局。除此之外,剧中人物自身在性格上的弱点也进一步论证了命运悲剧的主题。结论部分在对全文进行总结的同时,明确指出了本论文在总结吸收前人研究资料的基础上所作出的突破,并阐明了本文的意义及价值,为以后的学术研究奠定基石。
[Abstract]:Eugene ONeil, the American dramatist, is regarded as the "father of modern drama" in the United States. He created a lot of realistic plays in his life, won the Pulitzer prize three times, and won the Nobel prize for literature in 1936. His play "the desire under the elm" was strongly repercussions after being staged in 1924. Cao Yu, a famous modern dramatist in China, and his This is the first real tragedy in the history of Chinese drama. The birth of thunderstorm laid the position of Cao Yu as the first person in modern Chinese drama and also opened the way for the development of Chinese drama. It can be said that O'neal and Cao Yu were in the United States and China in twentieth Century. In recent years, with the rise of comparative literature, more and more scholars have made a comparative study of the two from different angles. This paper intends to adopt the method of parallel study in comparative literature, from the personal experience of the two, the characters and works in the play. Three aspects of the theme are compared and analyzed.
This paper is composed of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion.
The introduction mainly introduces the research status of O'neal and Cao Yu in the world, the research methods adopted in this paper, the purpose of the study, the innovation and the significance of this study.
The second part is the main body of this article, which is divided into three chapters.
The first chapter is mainly from the perspective of the influence of the two dramatists, including the influence of the life experience of the two and the influence of the social age in two aspects. First, the introduction of the family background of the two writers, including the events of both educational and life experiences of both sides. O'neal and Cao Yu are not only An outstanding dramatist, and an excellent dramatist. O'neal's father is a famous American Shakespeare, and his father's backstage is the place of O'neal's enlightenment. Here is the beginning of his way to the drama. In his own words, the drama is part of his blood. The environment of Cao Yu's growth is also closely related to the drama. When he was three years old, his stepmother took him to the theatre. The Enlightenment of his childhood had laid a good foundation for the art of the two writers. When he grew up, O'neal was rich and began to really do drama writing, and Cao Yu began to read the drama at Nankai high school and often put on stage. The western literature major has provided rich knowledge and material for his future creation. The similar life experience of the two is one of the reasons for the similarity of the works. The mother of O'neal, his father to the children, the lack of love for his children, the lack of maternal love in Cao Yu's childhood, and the depression of the family of life, are all in the play of both sides. The literary works were rooted in the society and reflected the society, reflecting the society. The social reality at that time had a profound influence on the two writers. The times of O'neal were in the times of the crisis of the United States and the times of economic depression. When Cao Yu wrote, the people of the state were also living in the hot water, with the warlords and the invading enemy. O'neal and Cao Yu, of course, are certainly no exception. This makes the two sides of the creation of the works of Puritanism and human nature and capitalism and feudalism. O'neal and Cao Yu are deeply influenced and influenced by Western classical drama aesthetics, including ancient Greek tragedies, Shakespeare tragedies and western modern dramas. The birthplace of Western civilization is the birthplace of the drama and the hometown of drama art. In the play, there was a saying that "words must be called Greece". In the plays of O'neal and Cao Yu, the Oedipus complex appeared, which could be confirmed with the classical tragedies of ancient Greece; Shakespeare's Drama was a milestone in western drama, and its plays influenced one generation after another. The readers and writers of the generation have an obvious influence on the two plays in the organization of the plot; in Ibsen's critical realism, the touch of social problems and the description and depiction of the characters' hearts in the plays are reflected in the desire for the elm under the elm and the thunderstorm.
The second chapter is to make a comparative study of the characters in the two plays, mainly using three groups of characters, namely, kabt and Zhou Puyuan, IBI and Fan Yi, ibon and Zhou Ping. Although kabt and Zhou Puyuan belong to different countries and works, there are some similar places in them, they all wear hypocritical moral false facade, they are all The defender of the class system, the religious faith of the Puritanism, the maintenance of Zhou Puyuan's feudal patriarchal system, the obstinacy of Zhou Puyuan, the hegemony of Zhou Puyuan, the strong possession of the land, the exploitation of the hired workers by Zhou Puyuan, and the possibility of the tragic ending of these personalities, O'neal and Cao Yu are not women. Sex writers, but the portrayal of women is unforgettable. Rebellion, bravery, yearning for freedom, devotion to love, and dissatisfaction with his status, constitute the similarities between ABI and Fan Yi. The male characters in the play, namely, iben and Zhou Ping, share the two children without mother love and also live in two. Different but similar families, in the two, we can clearly perceive the fierce fighting between the spirit of the Dionysus and the spirit of the sun. It is the two character of this character that pushed them into the tragedies of the tragedy. While comparing the character of the two, the paper will further discuss the tragic ending caused by this character. This subtle difference shows that there are differences in culture and values between East and West. The purpose of this chapter is to make a comparison of the characters, dig out their characters, analyze the conflicts between the characters, so as to achieve a profound understanding of the purpose of the two plays, and the comparison of the characters to the subject of the next chapter. For reference.
The third chapter mainly contrasts the theme of the desire > and the thunderstorm under the elm. In the previous comparative literature research, too many scholars focus on the comparative study of the love of incest, while ignoring the multiple themes of the two works. This chapter is to dig deep from the three aspects of desire, rush, and fate. The main theme under the elm's desire is to describe two kinds of desires, namely, material desire and desire. The former is shown as the possessive desire of the characters to gold and the farm, and the latter is mainly the incest of ebb and ebburn, which makes both sides finally to the tragedy. In < Lei Yu >, Cao Yu also arranged a similar plot, lent Lu The sea and Zhou Puyuan come to show the desire of material and the expressive desire of Zhou Fanyi and Zhou Ping, Zhou Ping and Lu Sifeng to result in the tragic ending of the characters. The conflict is one of the important parts of the drama. The tragic ending is the result of the intensification of the conflict in the play. The lust under the elm and the thunderstorm are two dramas full of contradictions. Because of their respective possessing different desires, the characters are fighting fiercely and pushing the characters to a tragic ending step by step. Fate is the main cause of the two tragedies. The supernatural force creates a series of accidental events. It is the occurrence of these contingencies that pushes the characters into the devastating knot. In addition, the characters' weakness in their own character further demonstrates the theme of the tragedy of fate.
The conclusion is a summary of the full text. At the same time, it clearly points out the breakthrough on the basis of summarizing the previous research materials, and clarifies the significance and value of this article, which lays the foundation for the future academic research.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：I0-03;I106.4

【引证文献】