论西方人体艺术的审美理想演变

发布时间：2018-09-12 14:49

【摘要】： 本文以西方造型艺术中的人体形象为切入点,阐释人体艺术的创作动机与审美演变,揭示出人体艺术的发展是人战胜自然、从神到人的意识发展的结果。人体艺术自始至终是以人为对象为参照,表现了人类热爱生命与追求自由的本质。依据艺术史的发展顺序,本文将西方人体造型艺术分为六个阶段进行论述。 (一)原始社会是女神主宰天下的年代,人类的精神生活以巫术生活为主要内容。原始社会的人体雕像反应出人类是通过崇拜母神来保佑人的繁衍,通过人的性本能的刻画暴露其原始欲求。(二)古希腊时期创造的神及半人半神的形象实际是以人为参照,把人的形象提炼成理想的“人”,表现出人类对理想世界的追求。(三)文艺复兴时期人文主义精神高昂,人体艺术的创作主要还是借用神化和基督教题材,间接表现人间现实。艺术中的人体形象可谓是裹着神的外衣,展露人类自己。这时期的人体艺术追求人的完美,着重表达世俗人的情绪,这是人类对自我认识提高的表现。(四)巴洛克和罗可可时期,现世的享乐取代了对宗教彼岸世界的追求,但艺术仍是仅限于某一阶层的审美需求。尤其是罗可可艺术纯粹是为上流社会的享乐而诞生的,其人体艺术成为宫廷生活中演绎贵族情调的享乐品。(五)十九世纪的西方是一个学术、民主的社会,艺术成为社会普遍的审美需求。人自身的审美领域也得到更大开拓:此时艺术关心日常生活中的人,是对最广大、最普遍的人的关注,谱写了从理想美到自然美的赞歌;另一方面,这一时期的人体艺术的表现领域也深入到了人的精神层面,注重表达主体的精神世界。(六)二十世纪现代艺术中的人体形象是对传统艺术的创新与反思。现代艺术中的人体被分解、扭曲、变形,使得裸像不仅仅表现人体,而是同作者的丰富想象力相联系,成为作者精神观念和主观情绪表达的产物,这使得人体艺术的表现走向了更为自由的境地。
[Abstract]:This article takes the human body image in the western plastic arts as the breakthrough point, explains the creation motive and the esthetic evolution of the human body art, and reveals that the development of the human body art is the result of man's victory over nature and the development of the consciousness from God to man. From beginning to end, the art of human body refers to human beings, which shows the nature of human love for life and the pursuit of freedom. According to the development order of the history of art, this paper divides the western human body art into six stages. (1) the primitive society was dominated by the Goddess, and the spiritual life of mankind was dominated by witchcraft. The statue of human body in primitive society reflects that human beings bless the reproduction of human beings by worshipping their mother gods, and reveal their original desires by depicting their sexual instincts. (2) the images of gods and demigods created in ancient Greece were actually taken as human reference and the images of human beings were refined into ideal "human beings", which showed the pursuit of the ideal world by human beings. (3) Renaissance humanism spirit is high, the creation of human body art mainly borrows the deification and the Christian subject matter, indirectly expresses the human reality. The figure of human body in art is wrapped in the coat of God and reveals itself. The art of human body in this period pursues the perfection of man and expresses the emotion of secular man, which is the expression of the improvement of human self-knowledge. (4) in Baroque and Rococo, the earthly pleasure replaced the pursuit of the religious world, but the art was still limited to the aesthetic needs of a certain class. Especially the Rococo art was born for the enjoyment of the upper class society, and its human body art became the enjoyment of the aristocrat in the court life. (v) the West in the nineteenth century was an academic, democratic society, and art became a universal aesthetic demand. The aesthetic field of human beings has also been further developed: at this time, the art of caring for the people in daily life is the concern of the largest and most common people, composing the praises from the ideal beauty to the natural beauty; on the other hand, The expression field of human body art in this period also goes deep into the spiritual level of human beings and pays attention to the spiritual world of expressing the subject. (6) the image of human body in the modern art of the twentieth century is the innovation and reflection of traditional art. The human body in modern art is decomposed, distorted and deformed, making the naked image not only represent the human body, but also be connected with the author's rich imagination and become the product of the author's spiritual concept and subjective emotion expression. This makes the expression of human body art towards a more free situation.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：J110

【共引文献】